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228 The LSE Identity Project <strong>Report</strong>: June 2005Who is to participate and Government Agencies implicatedWith regard to entitlement cards for young people, the 2002 consultation documentproposes the issuing of an entitlement card at the same time as the National Insurancecard and number, which is currently issued to young people attaining 15 years and 9months. 563 A lower fee for young people is suggested to encourage participation. 564It is acknowledged that foreign nationals, other than those staying for short holidays orbusiness trips, will also be required to register. The work permit scheme currentlycovers these individuals, and a card would be valid only for the period of the workpermit on which they entered the country. The Government notes that: “any changes tohis employment status such as the extension of the work permit would require the issueof a replacement entitlement card”. 565Citizens of other EEA countries would have to apply for an entitlement card, andapplications would be made using passports or their respective identity cards. The fullrange of checks proposed might not be possible for citizens of other EEA countries, butchecks would be made on the validity of the card or passport used. Applicants wouldalso be required to provide biometric information to prevent any attempts at establishingmultiple identities. 566Asylum seekers currently have to provide fingerprints (to a legal standard of proof) onarrival in the UK, and are then issued with an Application Registration Card (ARCs).An asylum seeker granted leave to remain would then be able to exchange their ARCfor an identity card. If iris patterns were to be used in a proposed identity card system,iris patterns of all asylum seekers would also have to be photographed in order to ensurethat records could be cross-matched. 567The Immigration and Nationality Directorate of the Home Office (IND) could be givenresponsibility for issuing cards to foreign nationals due to their existing expertise on thevalidation of foreign identity documents. However, a common database would berequired to ensure that a foreign national did not apply for another type of card, such asa driving licence, using false foreign identity documents. This would also prevent UKcitizens from applying for a further card by using false foreign identity papers.EnrolmentThe process of enrolling participants into the identity scheme is complex. TheGovernment sees identity as being established through three sources: biometric identity;attributed identity (for example: name, place and date of birth and parents’ names andaddresses) and biographical identity.The earliest estimate of costs was based on the total number of people covered by thescheme, rather than the total number of cards issued. Part of the costs of processing563 Consultation Document, Section 4, 2002, paragraph 43.564 Consultation Document, Section 4, 2002, paragraph 45.565 Consultation Document, Section 4, 2002, paragraph 48.566 Consultation Document, Section 4, 2002, paragraph 50.567 Consultation Document, Section 4, 2002, paragraph 52.
The LSE Identity Project <strong>Report</strong>: June 2005 229applications is covered by existing and additional staff costs. Some costs would beincurred at any regional location where biometric information was recorded, both inapplications and in the use of recording equipment. 568 The 2002 consultation documentestimated that the cost of 67.6 million people entering into the entitlement card schemeis £406 million. 569 Certain factors may vary this amount, notably that some applicationswill be more costly to process, for example, foreign residents or the housebound,, theremay be insufficient demand from other organisations to participate and, conversely, ahigher than expected willingness from other organisations to participate. 570 Taking theseinto consideration, the estimated cost is increased by 50% to £608 million. 571The Biographical FootprintEstablishing the ‘biographical footprint’ is an extensive process involving theaccumulation of information on all participants. Examples given of informationincluded in the biographical identity category are education/qualifications, electoralregister entries, details of benefits claimed/taxes paid, employment history, marriagecertificates issued, mortgage account information/property ownership, insurancepolicies and history of interaction with organisations such as banks, creditors, publicauthorities and utilities. 572The Government foresees regularised and routine methods of access to this type ofinformation. 573 In the earlier documentation, the national identity system would allowfor cross checking between the DVLA and the UK passport service, and use of theNational Insurance record and electoral register for confirming personal details. Creditreference agencies could be used to verify current and previous addresses. Individualswould no longer need to send birth/marriage certificates for official purposes because ofthe facility to cross reference. 574 A scheme of this kind would therefore require theestablishment of information sharing gateways between relevant Government agenciesand the private sector, in particular with credit reference agencies. 575The links to other databases to access information about applicants is part of a projectthat the UKPS are calling the ‘Personal Identification Process’ (PIP). This project wasmentioned briefly in both Corporate and Business Plans 2003 - 2008 576 and 2004 –2009. 577 Both plans indicate that the ‘process’ is still in the preliminary stages, but theperceived benefit is expected to be one of strengthened identity authorisation. 578 TheUKPS anticipate that a change in legislation will be required to incorporate fully thisinformation-sharing scheme. 579568 Consultation Document, Section 5, 2002, paragraph 24.569 Consultation Document, Section 5, 2002, paragraph 25.570 Consultation Document, Section 5, 2002, paragraph 26.571 Consultation Document, Section 5, 2002, paragraph 27.572 Consultation Document, Section 4, 2002, paragraph 20.573 Consultation Document, Section 4, 2002, paragraph 21.574 Consultation Document, Section 4, 2002, paragraph 21.575 Consultation Document, Section 4, 2002, paragraph 22.576 ‘Confirming nationality and Identity and Enabling Travel’, page 20577 UKPS Corporate and Business Plans 2004 –2009, page 21578 UKPS Corporate and Business Plans 2004 –2009, page 21579 UKPS Corporate and Business Plans 2004 –2009, page 21
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