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276 The LSE Identity Project <strong>Report</strong>: June 2005pursuit of objectives. While this may create an identity system that suits keystakeholders involved in specific goals, the approach imperils other essentialaspects such as public trust.We have identified a set of principles that should guide the design and execution of anational identity scheme:An identity system must be proportionate. Aspects such as complexity, cost, legalcompulsion, functionality, information storage and access to personal data must begenuinely proportionate to the stated goals of the identification system.An identity system should be inspired by clear and specific goals. Successfulidentity systems embrace clear objectives that facilitate responsive, relevant and reliabledevelopment of the technology, and which limit the risk of exclusion and abuse.Identification systems must be transparent. Public trust is maximised when details ofthe development and operation of an identification system are available to the users.Other than the identifier and card number, no information should be hidden.Identity disclosure should be required only when necessary. An obligation todisclose identity should not be imposed unless the disclosure is essential to a particulartransaction, duty or relationship. Over-use of an ID system will lead to the increasedthreat of misuse and will erode public trust.An identity system should serve the individual. Public trust will not be achieved if anidentity system is seen as a tool exclusively for the benefit of authority. A systemshould be designed to create substantial economic, lifestyle and security benefits for allindividuals in their day-to-day life.A national identity system should be more than just a card. Identity systems mustexploit secure and private methods of taking advantage of electronic delivery of benefitsand services.Personal information should be controlled by the individual. Any biometrics andpersonal data associated with an identification system should remain to the greatestpossible extent under the control of the individual to whom it relates. This principleestablishes trust, maximises the integrity and accuracy of data and improves personalsecurity.Empathetic and responsive registration is essential for trust. Where government isrequired to assess and decide eligibility for an ID credential, the registration processshould, to the greatest possible extent, be localised and cooperative.Revocation is crucial to the control of identity theft and to the personal security ofindividuals. Technology should be employed to ensure that a biometric or an identitycredential that has been stolen or compromised can be revoked.Identity numbers should be invisible and restricted. Any unique code or numberassigned to an individual must be cryptographically protected and invisibly embedded
The LSE Identity Project <strong>Report</strong>: June 2005 277within the identity system. This feature will protect against the risk of identity theft andwill limit “function creep” through extended use of the number.Capability for multiple authenticated electronic identities. An identity systemshould allow individuals to create secure electronic identity credentials that do notdisclose personally identifiable information for use within particular social or economicdomains. The use of these different credentials ensures that a “master” identifier doesnot become universally employed. Each sectoral credential is authenticated by themaster identifier assigned to each individual. The use of these identifiers and theircontrol by individuals is the basis for safe and secure use of federated identity systems.Minimal reliance on a central registry of associated data. Wherever possible, in theinterests of security and trust, large centralised registries of personal data should beavoided.Permit secure and private backup of associated data. An identity system shouldincorporate a means of allowing individuals to securely and routinely back up datastored on their card. This facility will maximise use of the identity credentials.BackupID1234T.T.PKioskFigure 9 – LSE Alternative Model.
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