Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer - Freie Universität Berlin

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ARPANET Design objective for ARPANET ● The operability of the network should remain intact even after a large disaster, e.g., a nuclear war, thus high connectivity and connectionless transmission ● Network computers and host computers are separated Subnet Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 6: Network Layer ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPANET 1969 6.22
ARPANET A node consists of ● an IMP ● a host A subnet consists of: ● Interface Message Processors (IMPs), which are connected by leased transmission circuits ● High connectivity (in order to guarantee the demanded reliability) Several protocols for the communication between IMP-IMP, host-IMP,… Host-IMP Protocol Host-host Protocol Source IMP to destination IMP protocol Subnet Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 6: Network Layer IMP 6.23
Page 1 and 2: Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer
Page 3 and 4: Design Issues Connection principles
Page 5 and 6: Layers in the Network Application P
Page 7 and 8: Two Fundamental Philosophies ● Co
Page 9 and 10: Connection-Oriented Communication C
Page 11 and 12: Routing ● Most important function
Page 13 and 14: Routing - Connectionless Univ.-Prof
Page 15 and 16: Routing - Comparison Issue Connecti
Page 17 and 18: The Optimality Principle A subnet A
Page 19 and 20: Internet Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joche
Page 21: On the Way to Today's Internet Stru
Page 25 and 26: Evolution by ARPANET Very fast evol
Page 27 and 28: TCP/IP ● Developed 1974: ● Tran
Page 29 and 30: From the ARPANET to the Internet
Page 31 and 32: Evolution of the Internet Univ.-Pro
Page 33 and 34: Internet ● What does it mean: “
Page 35 and 36: The classical TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Page 37 and 38: Internet Protocol (IP) Univ.-Prof.
Page 39 and 40: Internet Protocol (IP) ● IP: conn
Page 41 and 42: The IP Header (1) ● Version (4 bi
Page 43 and 44: Fragmentation ● A too large or to
Page 45 and 46: Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing U
Page 47 and 48: IP Addresses 192.168.13.x 192.168.1
Page 49 and 50: IP Addressing: Examples The represe
Page 51 and 52: IP Addresses are scarce… ● Prob
Page 53 and 54: IP Subnets ● Within an IP network
Page 55 and 56: IP Subnets: Computation of the Dest
Page 57 and 58: IPv6 Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H.
Page 59 and 60: IPv6 ● Why changing the protocol,
Page 61 and 62: IPv6: Characteristics ● Address s
Page 63 and 64: IPv6 Header ● Packet size require
Page 65 and 66: IPv6 Path MTU Discovery ● Path MT
Page 67 and 68: IPv6 Extension Headers ● Optional
Page 69 and 70: IPv6 Extension Headers ● Two exte
Page 71 and 72: IPv6 Addresses (RFC 4291) ● IPv6
Page 73 and 74:
IPv6 Addresses: Representation of a
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IPv6 Addresses: Representation of a
Page 77 and 78:
IPv6 Addresses: Address Types ● G
Page 79 and 80:
IPv6 Addresses: Address Types ● M
Page 81 and 82:
Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 ● IP
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Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 ● Tr
Page 85 and 86:
Network Address Translation (NAT) U
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Network Address Translation (NAT)
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NAT Variants ● Disadvantages of s
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Problems with NAPT ● NAPT works w
Page 93 and 94:
Auxiliary Protocols ARP, RARP, DHCP
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Auxiliary Protocols ● IP serves o
Page 97 and 98:
Delivery of IP Packets ● Address
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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) O
Page 101 and 102:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Page 103 and 104:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
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How to realize Multicast with IPv4?
Page 107 and 108:
Internet Group Management Protocol
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Multicast Groups: Example Network w
Page 111 and 112:
Internet Control Message Protocol (
Page 113 and 114:
ICMP: Header ● ICMP message field
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ICMP: Applications ● Some very po
Page 117 and 118:
Some Tools Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joc
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Some Tools: Route ● Route ● Dis
Page 121 and 122:
Some Tools: Traceroute ● Tracerou
Page 123 and 124:
Some Tools: Pathping (2) Computing
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Internet Layer ● Raw division int
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Routing in the Internet ● The Int
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Routing in a Sub-Network ● Sub-ne
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Routing Algorithms: Graph abstracti
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Routing Algorithms: Taxonomy static
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Static Routing ● Source Routing
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Static Routing ● Flooding Princip
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Local Estimation Procedure in Via L
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Probabilistic Routing ● Router de
Page 143 and 144:
Routing: Shortest Path ● Static v
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Shortest Path: Dijkstra (1) ● Alg
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Shortest Path: Dijkstra (3) A 2 6 B
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Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Implementation of Dijkstra (2) do {
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Distance Vector Routing ● Problem
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Distance Vector Routing Distance Ve
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Distance Vector Routing: Example A
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Distance Vector Routing: Example B
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Ro
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Fr
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Fr
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Distance Vector Routing: Connection
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Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Distance Vector Routing: The Bounci
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Distance Vector Routing: The Bounci
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Distance Vector Routing: Count to I
Page 185 and 186:
Distance Vector Routing: Count to I
Page 187 and 188:
Routing Routing Information Protoco
Page 189 and 190:
Information Exchange 1.) Exchange o
Page 191 and 192:
Link State Routing ● Every router
Page 193 and 194:
Link State Routing ● Second step:
Page 195 and 196:
Packet Buffer for Router B ● Four
Page 197 and 198:
Route Enquiry ● Fifth step: Decis
Page 199 and 200:
Routing Tables ● Problem: extensi
Page 201 and 202:
Hierarchical Routing Region 1 1A 3A
Page 203 and 204:
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) ●
Page 205 and 206:
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) ●
Page 207 and 208:
Intermediate System to Intermediate
Page 209 and 210:
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) ● G
Page 211 and 212:
Size of BGP routing tables (bgp.pot
Page 213 and 214:
Average AS path length Univ.-Prof.
Page 215:
Summary ● TCP/IP reference model
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Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer - Freie Universität Berlin

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