Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer - Freie Universität Berlin

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Even more NAT versions… ● Carrier Grade NAT (CGN) ● Also known as LSN (Large Scale NAT) ● Use a NAT box for a larger number of customers, e.g., a street, a suburb to further mitigate IPv4 address exhaustion ● Again – breaks end-to-end principle, difficult to use well-known ports etc. ● NAT64 (RFC 6146) ● Mechanism to connect IPv6 hosts to IPv4 servers ● IPv6 client embeds IPv4 address (RFC 6052) ● NAT maps IPv6 to IPv4 Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 6: Network Layer 6.92
Auxiliary Protocols ARP, RARP, DHCP, ICMP Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 6: Network Layer 6.93
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Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer
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Design Issues Connection principles
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Layers in the Network Application P
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Two Fundamental Philosophies ● Co
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Connection-Oriented Communication C
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Routing ● Most important function
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Routing - Connectionless Univ.-Prof
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Routing - Comparison Issue Connecti
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The Optimality Principle A subnet A
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Internet Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joche
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On the Way to Today's Internet Stru
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ARPANET A node consists of ● an I
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Evolution by ARPANET Very fast evol
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TCP/IP ● Developed 1974: ● Tran
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From the ARPANET to the Internet
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Evolution of the Internet Univ.-Pro
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Internet ● What does it mean: “
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The classical TCP/IP Protocol Suite
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Internet Protocol (IP) Univ.-Prof.
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Internet Protocol (IP) ● IP: conn
Page 41 and 42: The IP Header (1) ● Version (4 bi
Page 43 and 44: Fragmentation ● A too large or to
Page 45 and 46: Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing U
Page 47 and 48: IP Addresses 192.168.13.x 192.168.1
Page 49 and 50: IP Addressing: Examples The represe
Page 51 and 52: IP Addresses are scarce… ● Prob
Page 53 and 54: IP Subnets ● Within an IP network
Page 55 and 56: IP Subnets: Computation of the Dest
Page 57 and 58: IPv6 Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H.
Page 59 and 60: IPv6 ● Why changing the protocol,
Page 61 and 62: IPv6: Characteristics ● Address s
Page 63 and 64: IPv6 Header ● Packet size require
Page 65 and 66: IPv6 Path MTU Discovery ● Path MT
Page 67 and 68: IPv6 Extension Headers ● Optional
Page 69 and 70: IPv6 Extension Headers ● Two exte
Page 71 and 72: IPv6 Addresses (RFC 4291) ● IPv6
Page 73 and 74: IPv6 Addresses: Representation of a
Page 75 and 76: IPv6 Addresses: Representation of a
Page 77 and 78: IPv6 Addresses: Address Types ● G
Page 79 and 80: IPv6 Addresses: Address Types ● M
Page 81 and 82: Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 ● IP
Page 83 and 84: Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 ● Tr
Page 85 and 86: Network Address Translation (NAT) U
Page 87 and 88: Network Address Translation (NAT)
Page 89 and 90: NAT Variants ● Disadvantages of s
Page 91: Problems with NAPT ● NAPT works w
Page 95 and 96: Auxiliary Protocols ● IP serves o
Page 97 and 98: Delivery of IP Packets ● Address
Page 99 and 100: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) O
Page 101 and 102: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Page 103 and 104: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Page 105 and 106: How to realize Multicast with IPv4?
Page 107 and 108: Internet Group Management Protocol
Page 109 and 110: Multicast Groups: Example Network w
Page 111 and 112: Internet Control Message Protocol (
Page 113 and 114: ICMP: Header ● ICMP message field
Page 115 and 116: ICMP: Applications ● Some very po
Page 117 and 118: Some Tools Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joc
Page 119 and 120: Some Tools: Route ● Route ● Dis
Page 121 and 122: Some Tools: Traceroute ● Tracerou
Page 123 and 124: Some Tools: Pathping (2) Computing
Page 125 and 126: Internet Layer ● Raw division int
Page 127 and 128: Routing in the Internet ● The Int
Page 129 and 130: Routing in a Sub-Network ● Sub-ne
Page 131 and 132: Routing Algorithms: Graph abstracti
Page 133 and 134: Routing Algorithms: Taxonomy static
Page 135 and 136: Static Routing ● Source Routing
Page 137 and 138: Static Routing ● Flooding Princip
Page 139 and 140: Local Estimation Procedure in Via L
Page 141 and 142: Probabilistic Routing ● Router de
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Routing: Shortest Path ● Static v
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Shortest Path: Dijkstra (1) ● Alg
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Shortest Path: Dijkstra (3) A 2 6 B
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Implementation of Dijkstra (2) do {
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Distance Vector Routing ● Problem
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Distance Vector Routing Distance Ve
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Distance Vector Routing: Example A
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Distance Vector Routing: Example B
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Ro
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Fr
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Fr
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Distance Vector Routing: Connection
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Distance Vector Routing: The Bounci
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Distance Vector Routing: The Bounci
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Distance Vector Routing: Count to I
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Distance Vector Routing: Count to I
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Routing Routing Information Protoco
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Information Exchange 1.) Exchange o
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Link State Routing ● Every router
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Link State Routing ● Second step:
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Packet Buffer for Router B ● Four
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Route Enquiry ● Fifth step: Decis
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Routing Tables ● Problem: extensi
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Hierarchical Routing Region 1 1A 3A
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Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) ●
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Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) ●
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Intermediate System to Intermediate
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) ● G
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Size of BGP routing tables (bgp.pot
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Average AS path length Univ.-Prof.
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Summary ● TCP/IP reference model
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Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer - Freie Universität Berlin

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