Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer - Freie Universität Berlin

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IPv6 Header ● Version: IP version number (4 bits) ● Traffic Class: classifying packets (8 bits) ● Flow label: virtual connection with certain characteristics/requirements (20 bits) ● PayloadLen: packet length after the 40byte header (16 bits) ● Next Header: Indicates the type of the following extension header or the transport header (8 bits) ● HopLimit: At each node decremented by one. At zero the packet is discarded (8 bits) ● Source Address: The address of the original sender of the packet (128 bits) ● Destination Address: The address of the receiver (128 bits). ● Not necessarily the final destination, if there is an optional routing header ● Next Header/Data: if an extension header is specified, it follows after the main header. Otherwise, the data are following 1 4 8 16 24 32 Version (4) Traffic Class (8) PayloadLen (16) Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 6: Network Layer Source Address (128) Next Header/Data Flow label (20) Destination Address (128) Next Header (8) HopLimit (8) The prefix of an address characterizes geographical areas, providers, local internal areas,… 6.62
IPv6 Header ● Packet size requirements ● IPv6 requires that every link has MTU ≥ 1280 bytes ● Links which cannot convey 1280 byte packets has to apply link-specific fragmentation and assembly at a layer below IPv6 ● Links that have a configurable MTU must be configured to have an MTU of at least 1280 bytes ● It is recommended that they be configured with an MTU ≥ 1500 bytes Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 6: Network Layer 6.63
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Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer
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Design Issues Connection principles
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Layers in the Network Application P
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Two Fundamental Philosophies ● Co
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Connection-Oriented Communication C
Page 11 and 12: Routing ● Most important function
Page 13 and 14: Routing - Connectionless Univ.-Prof
Page 15 and 16: Routing - Comparison Issue Connecti
Page 17 and 18: The Optimality Principle A subnet A
Page 19 and 20: Internet Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joche
Page 21 and 22: On the Way to Today's Internet Stru
Page 23 and 24: ARPANET A node consists of ● an I
Page 25 and 26: Evolution by ARPANET Very fast evol
Page 27 and 28: TCP/IP ● Developed 1974: ● Tran
Page 29 and 30: From the ARPANET to the Internet
Page 31 and 32: Evolution of the Internet Univ.-Pro
Page 33 and 34: Internet ● What does it mean: “
Page 35 and 36: The classical TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Page 37 and 38: Internet Protocol (IP) Univ.-Prof.
Page 39 and 40: Internet Protocol (IP) ● IP: conn
Page 41 and 42: The IP Header (1) ● Version (4 bi
Page 43 and 44: Fragmentation ● A too large or to
Page 45 and 46: Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing U
Page 47 and 48: IP Addresses 192.168.13.x 192.168.1
Page 49 and 50: IP Addressing: Examples The represe
Page 51 and 52: IP Addresses are scarce… ● Prob
Page 53 and 54: IP Subnets ● Within an IP network
Page 55 and 56: IP Subnets: Computation of the Dest
Page 57 and 58: IPv6 Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H.
Page 59 and 60: IPv6 ● Why changing the protocol,
Page 61: IPv6: Characteristics ● Address s
Page 65 and 66: IPv6 Path MTU Discovery ● Path MT
Page 67 and 68: IPv6 Extension Headers ● Optional
Page 69 and 70: IPv6 Extension Headers ● Two exte
Page 71 and 72: IPv6 Addresses (RFC 4291) ● IPv6
Page 73 and 74: IPv6 Addresses: Representation of a
Page 75 and 76: IPv6 Addresses: Representation of a
Page 77 and 78: IPv6 Addresses: Address Types ● G
Page 79 and 80: IPv6 Addresses: Address Types ● M
Page 81 and 82: Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 ● IP
Page 83 and 84: Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 ● Tr
Page 85 and 86: Network Address Translation (NAT) U
Page 87 and 88: Network Address Translation (NAT)
Page 89 and 90: NAT Variants ● Disadvantages of s
Page 91 and 92: Problems with NAPT ● NAPT works w
Page 93 and 94: Auxiliary Protocols ARP, RARP, DHCP
Page 95 and 96: Auxiliary Protocols ● IP serves o
Page 97 and 98: Delivery of IP Packets ● Address
Page 99 and 100: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) O
Page 101 and 102: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Page 103 and 104: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Page 105 and 106: How to realize Multicast with IPv4?
Page 107 and 108: Internet Group Management Protocol
Page 109 and 110: Multicast Groups: Example Network w
Page 111 and 112: Internet Control Message Protocol (
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ICMP: Header ● ICMP message field
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ICMP: Applications ● Some very po
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Some Tools Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joc
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Some Tools: Route ● Route ● Dis
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Some Tools: Traceroute ● Tracerou
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Some Tools: Pathping (2) Computing
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Internet Layer ● Raw division int
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Routing in the Internet ● The Int
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Routing in a Sub-Network ● Sub-ne
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Routing Algorithms: Graph abstracti
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Routing Algorithms: Taxonomy static
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Static Routing ● Source Routing
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Static Routing ● Flooding Princip
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Local Estimation Procedure in Via L
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Probabilistic Routing ● Router de
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Routing: Shortest Path ● Static v
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Shortest Path: Dijkstra (1) ● Alg
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Shortest Path: Dijkstra (3) A 2 6 B
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Implementation of Dijkstra (2) do {
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Distance Vector Routing ● Problem
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Distance Vector Routing Distance Ve
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Distance Vector Routing: Example A
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Distance Vector Routing: Example B
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Ro
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Fr
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Fr
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Distance Vector Routing: Connection
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Distance Vector Routing: The Bounci
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Distance Vector Routing: The Bounci
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Distance Vector Routing: Count to I
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Distance Vector Routing: Count to I
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Routing Routing Information Protoco
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Information Exchange 1.) Exchange o
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Link State Routing ● Every router
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Link State Routing ● Second step:
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Packet Buffer for Router B ● Four
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Route Enquiry ● Fifth step: Decis
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Routing Tables ● Problem: extensi
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Hierarchical Routing Region 1 1A 3A
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Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) ●
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Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) ●
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Intermediate System to Intermediate
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) ● G
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Size of BGP routing tables (bgp.pot
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Average AS path length Univ.-Prof.
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Summary ● TCP/IP reference model
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Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer - Freie Universität Berlin

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