Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer - Freie Universität Berlin

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Classical IP Addressing ● Unique IP address for each host and router. ● IP addresses are 32 bits long and are used in the Source Address as well as in the Destination Address field of IP packets. ● The IP address is structured hierarchically and refers to a certain network, i.e., machines with connection to several networks have several IP addresses. ● Structure of the address: Network address for physical network (e.g. 160.45.117.0) and host address for a machine in the addressed network (e.g. 160.45.117.199) Class A B C D E 32 bits 0 Network Host 10 Network Host 110 Network Host 1110 Multicast address 1111 Reserved for future use Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 6: Network Layer 126 networks with 2 24 hosts each (starting from 1.0.0.0) 16,383 networks with 2 16 hosts each (starting from 128.0.0.0) 2,097,151 networks (LANs) with 256 hosts each (starting from 192.0.0.0) 6.46
IP Addresses 192.168.13.x 192.168.13.21 192.168.13.0 Binary format Dotted Decimal Notation 192.168.13.1 147.216.113.1 147.216.113.y 11000000 . 10101000 . 00001101 . 00010101 192.168.13.21 ● Each node has (at least) one world-wide unique IP address 147.216.113.0 147.216.113.71 ● Router or gateways that link several networks, have for each network an IP address Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 6: Network Layer 6.47
Page 1 and 2: Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer
Page 3 and 4: Design Issues Connection principles
Page 5 and 6: Layers in the Network Application P
Page 7 and 8: Two Fundamental Philosophies ● Co
Page 9 and 10: Connection-Oriented Communication C
Page 11 and 12: Routing ● Most important function
Page 13 and 14: Routing - Connectionless Univ.-Prof
Page 15 and 16: Routing - Comparison Issue Connecti
Page 17 and 18: The Optimality Principle A subnet A
Page 19 and 20: Internet Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joche
Page 21 and 22: On the Way to Today's Internet Stru
Page 23 and 24: ARPANET A node consists of ● an I
Page 25 and 26: Evolution by ARPANET Very fast evol
Page 27 and 28: TCP/IP ● Developed 1974: ● Tran
Page 29 and 30: From the ARPANET to the Internet
Page 31 and 32: Evolution of the Internet Univ.-Pro
Page 33 and 34: Internet ● What does it mean: “
Page 35 and 36: The classical TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Page 37 and 38: Internet Protocol (IP) Univ.-Prof.
Page 39 and 40: Internet Protocol (IP) ● IP: conn
Page 41 and 42: The IP Header (1) ● Version (4 bi
Page 43 and 44: Fragmentation ● A too large or to
Page 45: Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing U
Page 49 and 50: IP Addressing: Examples The represe
Page 51 and 52: IP Addresses are scarce… ● Prob
Page 53 and 54: IP Subnets ● Within an IP network
Page 55 and 56: IP Subnets: Computation of the Dest
Page 57 and 58: IPv6 Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H.
Page 59 and 60: IPv6 ● Why changing the protocol,
Page 61 and 62: IPv6: Characteristics ● Address s
Page 63 and 64: IPv6 Header ● Packet size require
Page 65 and 66: IPv6 Path MTU Discovery ● Path MT
Page 67 and 68: IPv6 Extension Headers ● Optional
Page 69 and 70: IPv6 Extension Headers ● Two exte
Page 71 and 72: IPv6 Addresses (RFC 4291) ● IPv6
Page 73 and 74: IPv6 Addresses: Representation of a
Page 75 and 76: IPv6 Addresses: Representation of a
Page 77 and 78: IPv6 Addresses: Address Types ● G
Page 79 and 80: IPv6 Addresses: Address Types ● M
Page 81 and 82: Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 ● IP
Page 83 and 84: Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 ● Tr
Page 85 and 86: Network Address Translation (NAT) U
Page 87 and 88: Network Address Translation (NAT)
Page 89 and 90: NAT Variants ● Disadvantages of s
Page 91 and 92: Problems with NAPT ● NAPT works w
Page 93 and 94: Auxiliary Protocols ARP, RARP, DHCP
Page 95 and 96: Auxiliary Protocols ● IP serves o
Page 97 and 98:
Delivery of IP Packets ● Address
Page 99 and 100:
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) O
Page 101 and 102:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
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How to realize Multicast with IPv4?
Page 107 and 108:
Internet Group Management Protocol
Page 109 and 110:
Multicast Groups: Example Network w
Page 111 and 112:
Internet Control Message Protocol (
Page 113 and 114:
ICMP: Header ● ICMP message field
Page 115 and 116:
ICMP: Applications ● Some very po
Page 117 and 118:
Some Tools Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joc
Page 119 and 120:
Some Tools: Route ● Route ● Dis
Page 121 and 122:
Some Tools: Traceroute ● Tracerou
Page 123 and 124:
Some Tools: Pathping (2) Computing
Page 125 and 126:
Internet Layer ● Raw division int
Page 127 and 128:
Routing in the Internet ● The Int
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Routing in a Sub-Network ● Sub-ne
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Routing Algorithms: Graph abstracti
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Routing Algorithms: Taxonomy static
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Static Routing ● Source Routing
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Static Routing ● Flooding Princip
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Local Estimation Procedure in Via L
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Probabilistic Routing ● Router de
Page 143 and 144:
Routing: Shortest Path ● Static v
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Shortest Path: Dijkstra (1) ● Alg
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Shortest Path: Dijkstra (3) A 2 6 B
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Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Implementation of Dijkstra (2) do {
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Distance Vector Routing ● Problem
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Distance Vector Routing Distance Ve
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Distance Vector Routing: Example A
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Distance Vector Routing: Example B
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Ro
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Fr
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Distance Vector Routing: Example Fr
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Distance Vector Routing: Connection
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Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Distance Vector Routing: The Bounci
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Distance Vector Routing: The Bounci
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Distance Vector Routing: Count to I
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Distance Vector Routing: Count to I
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Routing Routing Information Protoco
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Information Exchange 1.) Exchange o
Page 191 and 192:
Link State Routing ● Every router
Page 193 and 194:
Link State Routing ● Second step:
Page 195 and 196:
Packet Buffer for Router B ● Four
Page 197 and 198:
Route Enquiry ● Fifth step: Decis
Page 199 and 200:
Routing Tables ● Problem: extensi
Page 201 and 202:
Hierarchical Routing Region 1 1A 3A
Page 203 and 204:
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) ●
Page 205 and 206:
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) ●
Page 207 and 208:
Intermediate System to Intermediate
Page 209 and 210:
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) ● G
Page 211 and 212:
Size of BGP routing tables (bgp.pot
Page 213 and 214:
Average AS path length Univ.-Prof.
Page 215:
Summary ● TCP/IP reference model
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Telematics Chapter 6: Network Layer - Freie Universität Berlin

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