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Mohammed T. Abou-Saleh

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ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY AND PHOBIAS 561the great individual variation in this group and should be readyand willing to tailor the usage of medications and/or cognitivebehavioraltechniques to each patient’s special needs.REFERENCES1. Blazer D, George L, Hughes D. The epidemiology of anxiety disorders:an age comparison. In Salzman C, Liebowitz B, eds, Anxiety in theElderly: Treatment and Research. New York: Springer, 1991: 17–30.2. Boyd JH. Use of mental health services for the treatment of panicdisorder. Am J Psychiat 1986; 143(12): 1569–74.3. Sheikh JI. Anxiety disorders. In Coffey CE, Cummings JL, eds,Textbook of Geriatric Neuropsychology. Washington, DC: AmericanPsychiatric Press, 2000: 274.4. Moran MG, Thompson TL II, Nies AS. Sleep disorders in the elderly.Am J Psychiat 1988; 145(11): 1369–78.5. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of HospitalPharmacists, 1990: 858–65.6. Gammans RE, Westrick ML, Shea JP et al. Pharmacokinetics ofbuspirone in elderly subjects. J Clin Pharm 1989; 29: 72–8.7. Ruckdeschel H. Group psychotherapy in the nursing home. InProfessional Psychology in Long Term Care. New York: Hatherleigh,2000: 347.8. Beck AT, Emery G. Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A CognitivePerspective. New York: Basic Books, 1985.9. Ballenger JC, Davidson JRT, Lecrubier Y et al. Consensus statementon panic disorder from the International Consensus Group onDepression and Anxiety. J Clin Psychiat 1998; 59(suppl 8): 47–54.10. Sheehan DV, Ballenger JC, Jacobsen G. Treatment of endogenousanxiety with phobic, hysterical, and hypochondriacal symptoms. ArchGen Psychiat 1980: 13: 51.11. Zitrin CM, Klein DF, Woerner MG, Ross DC. Treatment of phobias:I. Comparison of imipramine hydrochloride and placebo. Arch GenPsychiat 1983; 40: 115–38.12. Hirschfeld RM. Sertraline in the treatment of anxiety disorders.Depress Anxiety 2000; 11(4): 139–57.13. Ballenger JC. Drug Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia.140th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association,Chicago: Symposium No. 200, 1987: 59.14. Tesar G, Rosenbaum JF, Pollack M et al. Clonazepam vs. alprazolamin the treatment of panic disorder: interim analysis of data from aprospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiat1987; 48: 16–19.15. Hartley LR, Uugapen S, Davie K, Spencer DJ. The effect of b-adrenergic blocking drugs on speakers’ performance and memory.Br J Psychiat 1983; 142: 512–17.16. Brantigan CO, Brantigan TA, Joseph N. Effect of b-blockade and b-simulation on stage fright. Am J Med 1982; 72: 88–94.17. Wlazlo Z, Schroeder-Hartwig K, Hand I et al. Exposure in vivo vs.social skills training for social phobia: long-term outcome anddifferential effects. Behav Res Ther 1990; 28(3): 181–93.18. Ost L-G. One-session treatment for specific phobias. Behav Res Ther1989; 27(1): 1–7.

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