Mohammed T. Abou-Saleh

804 INDEXdepression/depressive states continuedfamily history, genetic liability and pastpsychiatric history 383–4in Finland 416gender and 381–2general medical condition and 410historical trends 390–1history taking 154in the Indian subcontinent 645laboratory evaluation 155, 299life events 382–3lithium therapy 455–6long-term management 453–8longitudinal outcome 413–14marital status and 381–2medical work-up 155medication history 155morbidity and mortality 417–18natural history 453neuroimaging 299–300, 403–4neurochemistry 397neuropsychological assessment 298–9in palliative care 775in paranoid psychoses 498in personality disorder 589pharmacological treatment 439–41physical disability and 382, 427–8physical illness and 417–21conundrums 423hospitalization 430–1liaison in 419primary care and 429prognosis 420service implications 420–1suicide 420, 429–30treatment 419–20post-stroke (PSD) 386–7, 425–6prevalence 386risk factors 386–7pretreatment 439prevalence/prevalence 393, 389–91primary, neurochemistry 397prognosis 410–12prophylactic treatment 440, 454–5pseudodementia and, as a prodrome todementia 300psychological tests 155psychotherapy of 445–9under diagnosis and 445–6under treatment 446secondary, neurochemistry 397social class, income and education 383social factors 96socioeconomic status and 96somatized 419in South America 651subsyndromal 410support social and the buffer hypothesis383symptoms of 408treatment-resistant 440–1, 442–3, 449vascular 300vascular dementia and 373depressive (major depressive) episode371depressive pseudo-dementia see pseudodementiaDexamet 155dexamethasone suppression test (DST)53, 299, 461–3diagnostic value 461–2methodological considerations 461prognostic value 462in psychogeriatric practice 463diabetic amyotrophy 342diabetic neuropathy 341–2Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)DSM-III 117DSM-III-R 117DSM-IV 117–21axis I 118, 119–20axis II 120axis III 120axis IV 120axis V 120–1cognitive disorders 118–19criteria for Alzheimer’s disease 221–2in neurotic disorder 537–8in personality disorder 593, 596vascular dementia 249dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) 448disabilitydepression and 382, 427–8excess, prevention 780measure of 72disability-free life expectancy 72disengagement theory 21disposable soma theory 20Disruptive Behaviour Rating Scale 170dissector method 45dissociative amnesia 581–2dissociative disorder 538, 581of movement and sensation 582dissociative fugue 582divalproex sodium 456donepezil 231, 318dopamine 62Down’s syndromeAlzheimer’s disease and 219–20dementia and 624drug absorption 61drug distribution 61drug excretion 62drug history 127drug metabolism 61–2drug misuse 613–17detection 616illicit 615polysubstance 615–16prevalence and correlates 614psychological interventions 617treatment 616–17drug sensitivity 743–4dual process phenomenon conception21duty of care 715dying patient, care of 775–7dyskinesia, risk factors for 527–31dysthymia 153, 372clinical features 407–11prognosis 410–12psychotherapy 445–9symptoms of 408dysthymic disorder see dysthymiaearly-onset dementias 273–5eating disorders in Alzheimer’s disease239ECT 420, 433–6in acute mania 487–8administration 434–5consent 435continuation therapy following 454contraindications 434, 487efficacy 454indications 433–4maintenance (M-ECT) and continuation(C-ECT) 435side effects 435–6, 487–8educationAlzheimer’s disease and 206depression and 383, 384see also trainingEEG 345–8in assessment of delirium 129changes with aging 57–8cognitive and CT scan changes 346–7computerized (CEEG) 347in dementia 346in diagnosis of dementia and depression299in healthy aging 345–6normal 58origin 57principles of interpretation 345routine 57in unhealthy aging 346eight-stage theory of aging 21elder abuse 771–3abuser characteristics 771–management 772–3natural history 772prevalence and incidence 771, 772recognition 772victim characteristics 771ELDRS 170Emotional Medical Service (EMS) 657emotionalism 425cultural presentations 641endocrine function, neural control of 52environmental factors 379–80Epidemiological Catchment Area studiesof mood disorders 392neurotic disorders and 542epidemiologyof alcohol abuse 607–11of Alzheimer’s disease 205–7of bipolar disorder 477of dementia 195–7of depression 389–91, 417of hypochondriacal disorder 576life satisfaction 75of mania 477of neurotic disorders 541–2of obsessive-compulsive disorder 571–2of personality disorder 588–9of psychotic disorder 521of schizophrenia 511–12of suicidal behaviour 469of vascular dementia 511–12epilepsy 336EPISTAR 357