Mohammed T. Abou-Saleh

INDEX 807neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) 224neuro-imaging 23, 25–6in Alzheimer’s disease 230, 233, 234–5in dementia 299–300in depression 299–300, 403–4justification in older people 404–5see also computed tomography; magneticresonance imaging; positronemission tomography; single photoemission computed tomographyneuroleptic induced parkinsonism (NIP)522neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)523neuroleptics 522–3, 567neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease 225neurotic disorderscoping and 546–7diagnostic features 538–40epidemiology 541–2findings from Epidemiological CatchmentArea surveys 542in ICD-10 and DSM-IV 537–8nosology and classification 537–40social support and 546–7stress and 546–7neurotransmitter receptors in Alzheimer’sdisease 230neurotransmitters in Alzheimer’s disease229–30NINCDS–ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer’sdisease 221–2NINDS–AIREN criteria 187–8for vascular dementia 249nocturnal myoclonus 632non-fluent progressive aphasia 282noradrenaline depletion 62noradrenergic function 399normal pressure hydrocephalus 278–9, 295Nottingham Model of Health Care673–5NSAIDs, Alzheimer’s disease and 206Nurses’ Observation Scale for InpatientEvaluation (NOSIE) 170nurses, rating scales designed for 169–70Nursing Home Behaviour Problem Scale170nursing homes 97–8, 314in Australia 752–3clinical psychiatry in 717–18as mental health care environment718–19psychiatrist in 713–14quality and life and care in 727–9regulatory environment, USA 719–20nutritional factors in dementia 210nutritional state 749–51OARS (Older Americans Resources andServices) 173obsessive-compulsive disorder 538, 552aetiology 572clinical assessment 571clinical features 571diagnostic criteria 571differential diagnosis 571epidemiology 571–2prognosis 555treatment 572offenders 627–9affective disorders and 627–8assessment 628clinical aspects 627–8extent and pattern 627mental abnormality and 627within the criminal justice system 628–9olanzapine 524Older American Research and ServiceCenter (OARS) instrument 167olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) 278OPTIMA (Oxford Project to InvestigateMemory and Ageing) 227Overt Aggression Scale 170over-the-counter medication 615PACE 694, 695palliative care 775–7panic disorder with/without agoraphobia(PD/PDA) 551prognosis 555panic disorder, psychological management560paraneoplastic disorders, brain tumoursand 336paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis (PEM)336paranoid personality disorder 498paranoid psychosesassessment 498–9differential diagnosis 497–8parenchyma, changes in size 27–33Parkinson’s disease 188, 295, 365concurrent Alzheimer’s disease 259dementia and 259–60, 265–7cause 266–7clinical features 265development of 266likelihood of 265–6neuropathological correlates 266organic disorders 265innominato-cortical dysfunction 259neuronal loss in pigmented brainstemnuclei 259subcortical dementia 270pathological laughing and crying 425Performance test for Activities of DailyLiving (PADL) 169, 170periodic leg movement in sleep (PLMS) 632peripheral neuropathy 341–4examination of patient with 342–3personality disordersaetiology and genetics 587–8assessment 588, 593–6DSM criteria 593, 596organicity 595outcome measures 595–6self-report vs. informant data 595state–trait problems andco-morbidity 594–5time-frame considerations 595in community settings 588–9co-morbid disorders 596depression and 589epidemiology 588–9in institutional settings 589in outpatient settings 589pharmacotherapy 596prognosis 589psychotherapy 597treatment 596–7personality theories of aging 21pharmacodynamics 62pharmacokinetics 61–2, 565, 613–14phenelzine 439phenothiazides 522Philadelphia Geriatric Center MoraleScale 170phobias 538acute management 559–61pharmacological management 559–60psychological management 560see also simple (specific) phobiaPhysical and Mental Impairment ofFunction Evaluation in the Elderly(PAMIE) 170physical illnessdepression and 417–21suicidal behavior and 420, 470Physical Self-maintenance Scale 169physician, role in assessment 127–30physostigmine 231Pick’s disease see frontotemporal dementiapituitary, posterior 53pneumoencephalography (PEG) 25–6polyneuropathy 341–3polypharmacy, prevention of side effects780Poor Law 657positron emission tomography (PET)359–61activation studies 360in Alzheimer’s disease 235basal ganglion function in Huntington’sdisease 360–1blood flow and metabolism in Alzheimer’sdisease 360of depression 361, 403–4sources of variation in 359–60tracer substances 359post-hospital treatment 702post-operative changes in psychometrictests 745post-operative delirium 744–5post-stroke depression (PSD) 386–7,425–6post-traumatic dementia 279post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)540, 552–3, 579clinical features 580delayed onset 580differential diagnosis 580prognosis 556therapy 580–1poverty 81presenilins in Alzheimer’s disease 217–18prevention in mental health 779–81primary health care, community care 671Problem Checklist and Strain scale 170problem-solving therapy (PST) 447–8