World Air Ops | NAT | Doc 007 MNPS Guidance

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Guidance concerning Air Navigation in and above the NAT MNPSA CHAPTER 88.1.13 Maintenance of a high standard of navigation performance is absolutely essential to themaintenance of safety in the NAT MNPS Airspace.8.2 GENERAL PROCEDURESPresentation of Navigation Information8.2.1 A significant proportion of navigation errors result from the use of incorrect data. Tominimize the problem, source data must be clearly legible under the worst cockpit lighting conditions andpresented in a format suitable for error-free use in the cockpit environment. In this context, the followingconsiderations apply:a) on navigation charts, all position co-ordinates, e.g. ramp position, ATC waypoints, radionavaid positions, etc., should ideally be printed in dark blue or black numerals against awhite background. Where such co-ordinates would normally appear against a locally tintedbackground, they should be enclosed in a white box. Absolutely no information should beoverprinted on top of position co-ordinates. In situations where groups of position coordinatesmust appear in close proximity to each other, the position to which each set of coordinatesapplies should be clearly indicated by means of a leader;b) navigational documents, such as track messages or flight plans, should be double-spaced or"boxed", to minimize the possibility of line slippage when the information is read; andc) it is advisable to provide pilots with a simple plotting chart of suitable scale (1 inch equals120 NM has been used successfully on NAT routes) in order to facilitate a visualpresentation of the intended route that, otherwise, is defined only in terms of navigational coordinates.Importance of Accurate Time8.2.2 It must be recognised that proper operation of a correctly functioning LRNS will ensure thatthe aircraft follows its cleared track. ATC applies standard separations between cleared tracks and therebyassures the safe lateral separation of aircraft. However, longitudinal separations between subsequent aircraftfollowing the same track and between aircraft on intersecting tracks are assessed in terms of differences inETAs/ATAs at common waypoints. Aircraft clock errors resulting in position report time errors cantherefore lead to an erosion of actual longitudinal separations between aircraft. It is thus vitally importantthat prior to entry into the NAT MNPS Airspace the time reference system to be used during the flightis accurately synchronised to UTC and that the calculation of waypoint ETAs and the reporting ofwaypoint ATAs are always referenced to this system. Many modern aircraft master clocks (typically theFMS) can only be reset while the aircraft is on the ground. Thus the Pre-flight Procedures for any NATMNPS flight must include a UTC time check and resynchronisation of the aircraft master clock. Lists ofacceptable time sources for this purpose have been promulgated by NAT ATS Provider States.8.2.3 The following are examples of acceptable time standards:• GPS (Corrected to UTC) - Available at all times to those crews who can access time via approvedon-board GPS (TSO-C129) equipment.• WWV - National Institute of Standards (NIST - Fort Collins, Colorado). WWV operates continuallyH24 on 2500, 5000, 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 kHz (AM/SSB) and provides UTC (voice) onceevery minute.NAT Doc 007 46 Edition 2010
Guidance concerning Air Navigation in and above the NAT MNPSA CHAPTER 8• CHU - National Research Council (NRC - Ottawa, Canada) - CHU operates continually H24 on3330, 7335 and 14,670 kHz (SSB) and provides UTC (voice) once every minute (English evenminutes, French odd minutes).• BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation (United Kingdom). The BBC transmits on a number ofdomestic and world-wide frequencies and transmits the Greenwich time signal (referenced to UTC)once every hour on most frequencies, although there are some exceptions.8.2.4 Further details of these and other acceptable time references can be found in AISdocumentation of the NAT ATS Provider States. In general, the use of any other source of UTC, that can beshown to the State of the Operator or the State of Registry of the aircraft to be equivalent, may be allowedfor this purpose.The Use of a Master Document8.2.5 Navigation procedures must include the establishment of some form of master workingdocument to be used on the flight deck. This document may be based upon the flight plan, navigation log, orother suitable document which lists sequentially the waypoints defining the route, the track and distancebetween each waypoint, and other information relevant to navigation along the cleared track. Whenmentioned subsequently in this guidance material, this document will be referred to as the 'MasterDocument'.8.2.6 Misuse of the Master Document can result in GNEs occurring and for this reason strictprocedures regarding its use should be established. These procedures should include the following:a) Only one Master Document is to be used on the flight deck. However, this does not precludeother crew members maintaining a separate flight log.b) On INS equipped aircraft a waypoint numbering sequence should be established from theoutset of the flight and entered on the Master Document. The identical numbering sequenceshould be used for storing waypoints in the navigation computers.c) For aircraft equipped with FMS data bases, FMS generated or inserted waypoints should becarefully compared to Master Document waypoints and cross checked by both pilots.d) An appropriate symbology should be adopted to indicate the status of each waypoint listedon the Master Document.8.2.7 The following is a typical example of Master Document annotation. An individualoperator’s procedures may differ slightly but the same principles should be applied:a) The waypoint number is entered against the relevant waypoint co-ordinates to indicate thatthe waypoint has been inserted into the navigation computers.b) The waypoint number is circled, to signify that insertion of the correct co-ordinates in thenavigation computers has been double-checked independently by another crew member.c) The circled waypoint number is ticked, to signify that the relevant track and distanceinformation has been double-checked.d) The circled waypoint number is crossed out, to signify that the aircraft has overflown thewaypoint concerned.NAT Doc 007 47 Edition 2010
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World Air Ops | NAT | Doc 007 MNPS Guidance

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