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328 / CHAPTER 36Table 36–5. Classes of proteins involvedin replication.ProteinDNA polymerasesHelicasesTopoisomerasesDNA primaseFunctionDeoxynucleotide polymerizationProcessive unwinding of DNARelieve torsional strain that resultsfrom helicase-induced unwindingInitiates synthesis of RNA primersSingle-strand binding Prevent premature reannealing ofproteinsdsDNADNA ligaseSeals the single strand nick betweenthe nascent chain and Okazaki fragmentson lagging strandand only one of the several different types of polymerasesis involved at the replication fork. Because theDNA strands are antiparallel (Chapter 35), the polymerasefunctions asymmetrically. On the leading (forward)strand, the DNA is synthesized continuously.On the lagging (retrograde) strand, the DNA is synthesizedin short (1–5 kb; see Figure 36–16) fragments,the so-called Okazaki fragments. Several Okazaki fragments(up to 250) must be synthesized, in sequence, foreach replication fork. To ensure that this happens, thehelicase acts on the lagging strand to unwind dsDNA ina 5′ to 3′ direction. The helicase associates with the primaseto afford the latter proper access to the template.This allows the RNA primer to be made and, in turn,the polymerase to begin replicating the DNA. This isan important reaction sequence since DNA polymerasescannot initiate DNA synthesis de novo. Themobile complex between helicase and primase has beencalled a primosome. As the synthesis of an Okazakifragment is completed and the polymerase is released, anew primer has been synthesized. The same polymerasemolecule remains associated with the replication forkand proceeds to synthesize the next Okazaki fragment.The DNA Polymerase ComplexA number of different DNA polymerase molecules engagein DNA replication. These share three importantproperties: (1) chain elongation, (2) processivity, and(3) proofreading. Chain elongation accounts for therate (in nucleotides per second) at which polymerizationoccurs. Processivity is an expression of the numberof nucleotides added to the nascent chain before thepolymerase disengages from the template. The proofreadingfunction identifies copying errors and correctsthem. In E coli, polymerase III (pol III) functions at thereplication fork. Of all polymerases, it catalyzes thehighest rate of chain elongation and is the most processive.It is capable of polymerizing 0.5 Mb of DNA duringone cycle on the leading strand. Pol III is a large(> 1 MDa), ten-subunit protein complex in E coli. Thetwo identical β subunits of pol III encircle the DNAtemplate in a sliding “clamp,” which accounts for thestability of the complex and for the high degree of processivitythe enzyme exhibits.Polymerase II (pol II) is mostly involved in proofreadingand DNA repair. Polymerase I (pol I) completeschain synthesis between Okazaki fragments onthe lagging strand. Eukaryotic cells have counterpartsfor each of these enzymes plus some additional ones. Acomparison is shown in Table 36–6.In mammalian cells, the polymerase is capable ofpolymerizing about 100 nucleotides per second, a rateat least tenfold slower than the rate of polymerization ofdeoxynucleotides by the bacterial DNA polymerasecomplex. This reduced rate may result from interferenceby nucleosomes. It is not known how the replicationcomplex negotiates nucleosomes.Initiation & Elongation of DNA SynthesisThe initiation of DNA synthesis (Figure 36–14) requirespriming by a short length of RNA, about10–200 nucleotides long. This priming process involvesthe nucleophilic attack by the 3′-hydroxyl group of theRNA primer on the α phosphate of the first enteringdeoxynucleoside triphosphate (N in Figure 36–14)with the splitting off of pyrophosphate. The 3′-hydroxylgroup of the recently attached deoxyribonucleosidemonophosphate is then free to carry out anucleophilic attack on the next entering deoxyribonucleosidetriphosphate (N + 1 in Figure 36–14), again atits α phosphate moiety, with the splitting off of pyrophosphate.Of course, selection of the proper deoxyribonucleotidewhose terminal 3′-hydroxyl group isto be attacked is dependent upon proper base pairingTable 36–6. A comparison of prokaryotic andeukaryotic DNA polymerases.E coli Mammalian FunctionI α Gap filling and synthesis of laggingstrandII ε DNA proofreading and repairβγDNA repairMitochondrial DNA synthesisIII δ Processive, leading strand synthesis
OHHHHHOOPCX 1X 2X 3X 4X4COHHOHHRNA primerOHOOPCHHOHHOHOOPCHHOHHOHFirst entering dNTPO –POOOO –POOO –OHPOO –CHHOHOHHNHOPOCHHOHHNOHOOPCHHOHHSecond entering dNTPO –POHOHN+1CO O OPO O O –PH HH HO O – OH HO –Figure 36–14. The initiation of DNA synthesis upon a primer of RNA and the subsequentattachment of the second deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate.329
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a LANGE medical bookHarper’sIllus
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AuthorsDavid A. Bender, PhDSub-Dean
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x / PREFACE• The chapter on plasm
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iv / CONTENTS14. Lipids of Physiolo
Page 10:
vi / CONTENTSSECTION VI. SPECIAL TO
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4 / CHAPTER 1in early 2001. It is a
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6 / CHAPTER 2H2eCH 3CH 2OHOHFigure
Page 19 and 20:
WATER & pH / 9+ −[ H ][ OH ]−16
Page 22 and 23:
12 / CHAPTER 2meq of alkali added p
Page 24 and 25:
SECTION IStructures & Functionsof P
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16 / CHAPTER 3Table 3-1.L-α-Amino
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18 / CHAPTER 3pK a Values Vary With
Page 30 and 31:
20 / CHAPTER 3121°OC117°122°120
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22 / CHAPTER 4RCFigure 4-1. Compone
Page 34 and 35:
O24 / CHAPTER 4aliphatic polymers 3
Page 36 and 37:
26 / CHAPTER 4NHOR′HNONH 2Phenyli
Page 38 and 39:
28 / CHAPTER 4GENOMICS ENABLES PROT
Page 40 and 41:
Proteins: Higher Orders of Structur
Page 42 and 43:
32 / CHAPTER 50.54-nm pitch(3.6 res
Page 44 and 45:
34 / CHAPTER 5COOHHHC αCHNHHNOC α
Page 46 and 47:
36 / CHAPTER 5sures the absorbance
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38 / CHAPTER 5to a particular organ
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Proteins: Myoglobin & Hemoglobin 6V
Page 52 and 53:
42 / CHAPTER 6Percent saturation100
Page 54 and 55:
44 / CHAPTER 6T structureα 1 α 2O
Page 56 and 57:
46 / CHAPTER 6Adaptation to High Al
Page 58 and 59:
48 / CHAPTER 6Manning JM et al: Nor
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50 / CHAPTER 7132 2Enzyme site14Sub
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52 / CHAPTER 7independent of the co
Page 64 and 65:
54 / CHAPTER 712OCAsp 102OAsp 102HO
Page 66 and 67:
56 / CHAPTER 7NAD(P) + -Dependent D
Page 68 and 69:
58 / CHAPTER 7+ -(Lactate)SH 2LACTA
Page 70 and 71:
Enzymes: Kinetics 8Victor W. Rodwel
Page 72 and 73:
62 / CHAPTER 8that anything which i
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64 / CHAPTER 8Hydrogen Ion Concentr
Page 76 and 77:
66 / CHAPTER 8invertfactorand simpl
Page 78 and 79:
68 / CHAPTER 8only one methylene ca
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70 / CHAPTER 8Increasing[S 2 ]S 11a
Page 82 and 83:
Enzymes: Regulation of Activities 9
Page 84 and 85:
74 / CHAPTER 9influenced both by ch
Page 86 and 87:
76 / CHAPTER 9without affecting the
Page 88 and 89:
78 / CHAPTER 9accounts for the freq
Page 90 and 91:
SECTION IIBioenergetics & the Metab
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82 / CHAPTER 10Figure 10-4. Adenosi
Page 94 and 95:
84 / CHAPTER 10(1) Glucose+P i →
Page 96 and 97:
Biologic Oxidation 11Peter A. Mayes
Page 98 and 99:
88 / CHAPTER 11H 3 CRNNOH 3 CRNHNOH
Page 100 and 101:
90 / CHAPTER 11Amine oxidase, etcNA
Page 102 and 103:
The Respiratory Chain &Oxidative Ph
Page 104 and 105:
94 / CHAPTER 12AH 2 NAD + FpH 2A Fp
Page 106 and 107:
96 / CHAPTER 12NADHSuccinateComplex
Page 108 and 109:
98 / CHAPTER 12ADP+PiβαβATPγα
Page 110 and 111:
100 / CHAPTER 12OUTERMEMBRANEINNERM
Page 112 and 113:
Carbohydrates ofPhysiologic Signifi
Page 114 and 115:
104 / CHAPTER 13HOCH 2HO HOHHOCH 2H
Page 116 and 117:
106 / CHAPTER 13CH 2 OHCH 2 OHCOCH
Page 118 and 119:
O108 / CHAPTER 136HOCH 2O6HOCH 2O4
Page 120 and 121:
110 / CHAPTER 13Figure 13-15.contai
Page 122 and 123:
112 / CHAPTER 1418:1;9 or ∆ 9 18:
Page 124 and 125:
H114 / CHAPTER 14OCOO -more unsatur
Page 126 and 127:
116 / CHAPTER 14Lysophospholipids A
Page 128 and 129:
118 / CHAPTER 14“Chair” form“
Page 130 and 131:
120 / CHAPTER 14RH R• R• ROO•
Page 132 and 133:
Overview of Metabolism 15Peter A. M
Page 134 and 135:
124 / CHAPTER 15(2) It is the precu
Page 136 and 137:
126 / CHAPTER 15FFAGlucosei sl y si
Page 138 and 139:
128 / CHAPTER 15enzyme-catalyzed re
Page 140 and 141:
The Citric Acid Cycle:The Catabolis
Page 142 and 143:
HO CH COO -CH 2 COO -L-MalateMALATE
Page 144 and 145:
134 / CHAPTER 16HydroxyprolineSerin
Page 146 and 147:
Glycolysis & the Oxidationof Pyruva
Page 148 and 149:
GlycogenGlucose 1-phosphateHEXOKINA
Page 150 and 151:
140 / CHAPTER 17lactate and oxidize
Page 152 and 153:
142 / CHAPTER 17[ Acetyl-CoA ][ CoA
Page 154 and 155:
144 / CHAPTER 17Boiteux A, Hess B:
Page 156 and 157:
146 / CHAPTER 18Glycogen(1→4 and
Page 158 and 159:
148 / CHAPTER 18PHOSPHORYLASEGLUCAN
Page 160 and 161:
150 / CHAPTER 18Epinephrineβ Recep
Page 162 and 163:
152 / CHAPTER 18Table 18-2. Glycoge
Page 164 and 165:
PiGLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATASEH 2 OGlucose
Page 166 and 167:
156 / CHAPTER 19Table 19-1. Regulat
Page 168 and 169:
158 / CHAPTER 19GLUCONEOGENESISP iA
Page 170 and 171:
160 / CHAPTER 19Table 19-2. Glucose
Page 172 and 173:
162 / CHAPTER 19due to hyperactivit
Page 174 and 175:
164 / CHAPTER 20Glucose 6-phosphate
Page 176 and 177:
166 / CHAPTER 20unit comprising car
Page 178 and 179:
168 / CHAPTER 20H *CHHOHHCCCCOHOHHO
Page 180 and 181:
170 / CHAPTER 20AGalactoseGlycogenG
Page 182 and 183:
172 / CHAPTER 20inhibits the activi
Page 184 and 185:
174 / CHAPTER 21CH 3 CO S CoAAcetyl
Page 186 and 187:
176 / CHAPTER 21acids having an odd
Page 188 and 189:
178 / CHAPTER 21crose is fed instea
Page 190 and 191:
Oxidation of Fatty Acids:Ketogenesi
Page 192 and 193:
182 / CHAPTER 221CoAO3 2R CH2 CH2 C
Page 194 and 195:
184 / CHAPTER 22CO 2OCH 3 C CH 2 CO
Page 196 and 197:
186 / CHAPTER 22In extrahepatic tis
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188 / CHAPTER 22GlucoseBLOODFFAVLDL
Page 200 and 201:
Metabolism of Unsaturated FattyAcid
Page 202 and 203:
192 / CHAPTER 2318O12 9C S CoALinol
Page 204 and 205:
194 / CHAPTER 23COOHO O Arachidonat
Page 206 and 207:
196 / CHAPTER 23hepatorenal syndrom
Page 208 and 209:
ATPADPNAD + NADH + H +H 2 COHH 2 CO
Page 210 and 211:
200 / CHAPTER 24H 2 COHO CH 2 C O P
Page 212 and 213:
202 / CHAPTER 24CH 3O(CH 2 ) 14 C S
Page 214 and 215:
204 / CHAPTER 24SUMMARY• Triacylg
Page 216 and 217:
206 / CHAPTER 25Table 25-1. Composi
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•••208 / CHAPTER 25AIntestina
Page 220 and 221:
210 / CHAPTER 25NascentVLDLB-100ELD
Page 222 and 223:
212 / CHAPTER 25the fed state rathe
Page 224 and 225:
214 / CHAPTER 25and may account for
Page 226 and 227:
216 / CHAPTER 25Epinephrine,norepin
Page 228 and 229:
218 / CHAPTER 25• Apolipoproteins
Page 230 and 231:
220 / CHAPTER 26OCH 3 C S CoA2 Acet
Page 232 and 233:
222 / CHAPTER 26OCH 3CH 3CH 3CSCoA-
Page 234 and 235:
224 / CHAPTER 26CELL MEMBRANELDL (a
Page 236 and 237:
226 / CHAPTER 2612 17Vitamin CNADP
Page 238 and 239:
228 / CHAPTER 26lesterol into the c
Page 240 and 241:
230 / CHAPTER 26Russell DW: Cholest
Page 242 and 243:
232 / CHAPTER 27neogenesis. Those a
Page 244 and 245:
234 / CHAPTER 27Table 27-1. Energy
Page 246 and 247:
236 / CHAPTER 27CLINICAL ASPECTSIn
Page 248 and 249:
238 / CHAPTER 28O- O O-NH+ 3- O O-O
Page 250 and 251:
240 / CHAPTER 28CH 2 CH COO -+ NH 3
Page 252 and 253:
Catabolism of Proteins& of Amino Ac
Page 254 and 255:
244 / CHAPTER 29of amino groups to
Page 256 and 257:
246 / CHAPTER 29CO 22Mg-ATPN-Acetyl
Page 258 and 259:
248 / CHAPTER 29Argininosuccinicaci
Page 260 and 261:
250 / CHAPTER 30CONH 2H 2 O NH 4+CO
Page 262 and 263:
252 / CHAPTER 30H 2 CNH 3+CHCO -H 4
Page 264 and 265:
O -254+NH 3 O2CH O - 1 α-KG 1 GluC
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OOCCH 2CH 2COCO -H 2 OOCCH 2CH 2COC
Page 268 and 269:
258 / CHAPTER 30HOHONH 2OCNH 3+NCH
Page 270 and 271:
260 / CHAPTER 30CH 3NH 3+NH 3+NH 3+
Page 272 and 273:
262 / CHAPTER 30OOH 2 C CC S CoACH
Page 274 and 275:
Conversion of Amino Acidsto Special
Page 276 and 277:
266 / CHAPTER 31PROTEINSNITRIC OXID
Page 278 and 279:
+H 2 NHNHCNH 2NHCHCH 2CH 2 + H3 N C
Page 280 and 281:
Porphyrins & Bile Pigments 32Robert
Page 282 and 283:
272 / CHAPTER 32APAPPAAPAPAPUroporp
Page 284 and 285:
274 / CHAPTER 32AHOOCH 2 CH 2 CNH 2
Page 286 and 287:
276 / CHAPTER 32HemoproteinsProtein
Page 288 and 289: 278 / CHAPTER 32indicated in Figure
Page 290 and 291: 280 / CHAPTER 32Bilirubin formed in
Page 292 and 293: 282 / CHAPTER 32MH 2 CMINHEOHOHMMH
Page 294 and 295: 284 / CHAPTER 32Table 32-3. Laborat
Page 296 and 297: SECTION IVStructure, Function, & Re
Page 298 and 299: 288 / CHAPTER 33Table 33-1. Bases,
Page 300 and 301: 290 / CHAPTER 33NNH 2NNNTable 33-2.
Page 302 and 303: 292 / CHAPTER 33Pu/Py R O P O P OO
Page 304 and 305: 294 / CHAPTER 34N 10 -Formyltetrahy
Page 306 and 307: 296 / CHAPTER 34HNO-OOCNCHC COO - -
Page 308 and 309: 298 / CHAPTER 34CO 2 + Glutamine +
Page 310 and 311: 300 / CHAPTER 34OTHER DISORDERS OFP
Page 312 and 313: 302 / CHAPTER 34REFERENCESBenkovic
Page 314 and 315: 304 / CHAPTER 35O5′CH 2NNGNNHNH 2
Page 316 and 317: 306 / CHAPTER 35dures allow for ver
Page 318 and 319: 308 / CHAPTER 35O5′CH 2NNGNNHNH 2
Page 320 and 321: 310 / CHAPTER 355′3′DNA3′5′
Page 322 and 323: 312 / CHAPTER 35Region of hydrogenb
Page 324 and 325: DNA Organization, Replication,& Rep
Page 326 and 327: 316 / CHAPTER 36understood. It is p
Page 328 and 329: 318 / CHAPTER 36more extended chrom
Page 330 and 331: 320 / CHAPTER 361 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10
Page 332 and 333: 322 / CHAPTER 36spersed repeats, in
Page 334 and 335: 324 / CHAPTER 36Gγ Aγ δ βδ βG
Page 336 and 337: 326 / CHAPTER 36contains an intersp
Page 340 and 341: 330 / CHAPTER 36with the other stra
Page 342 and 343: 332 / CHAPTER 36lizing proteins bin
Page 344 and 345: 334 / CHAPTER 36Improper spindledet
Page 346 and 347: 336 / CHAPTER 36Table 36-9. Mechani
Page 348 and 349: 338 / CHAPTER 363′5′3′5′3
Page 350 and 351: 340 / CHAPTER 36Marians KJ: Prokary
Page 352 and 353: 342 / CHAPTER 37Table 37-1. Classes
Page 354 and 355: 344 / CHAPTER 37cule from the 5′
Page 356 and 357: 346 / CHAPTER 37coordinately regula
Page 358 and 359: 348 / CHAPTER 37site (from −3 to
Page 360 and 361: 350 / CHAPTER 37Finally, this newly
Page 362 and 363: 352 / CHAPTER 37activators are not
Page 364 and 365: 354 / CHAPTER 37is accomplished by
Page 366 and 367: 356 / CHAPTER 37(the histones are m
Page 368 and 369: Protein Synthesis & theGenetic Code
Page 370 and 371: 360 / CHAPTER 38Table 38-2. Feature
Page 372 and 373: 362 / CHAPTER 38Hemoglobin Illustra
Page 374 and 375: 364 / CHAPTER 38NormalWild typemRNA
Page 376 and 377: Ternary complexformationFormation o
Page 378 and 379: 368 / CHAPTER 38GTPG m TP—5′+P
Page 380 and 381: 370 / CHAPTER 38Table 38-3. Evidenc
Page 382 and 383: 372 / CHAPTER 38molecules. This dif
Page 384 and 385: Regulation of Gene Expression 39Dar
Page 386 and 387: 376 / CHAPTER 39be regarded as a on
Page 388 and 389:
378 / CHAPTER 39above sequence). At
Page 390 and 391:
380 / CHAPTER 39AGene for repressor
Page 392 and 393:
ProphageO R 3O R 2 O R 1RNA polymer
Page 394 and 395:
384 / CHAPTER 39promoter dictates w
Page 396 and 397:
386 / CHAPTER 39HMG PRDIV HMG PRDI-
Page 398 and 399:
388 / CHAPTER 395′HREAREPORTER GE
Page 400 and 401:
390 / CHAPTER 39protein of E coli),
Page 402 and 403:
392 / CHAPTER 39GAL4 +1ActiveAUASGA
Page 404 and 405:
394 / CHAPTER 39mouse amylase and m
Page 406 and 407:
Molecular Genetics, RecombinantDNA,
Page 408 and 409:
398 / CHAPTER 40DNA 5′Regulatoryr
Page 410 and 411:
400 / CHAPTER 40A. Sticky or stagge
Page 412 and 413:
402 / CHAPTER 40Table 40-4. Cloning
Page 414 and 415:
404 / CHAPTER 40Southern Northern W
Page 416 and 417:
406 / CHAPTER 40STARTCYCLE 1CYCLE 2
Page 418 and 419:
408 / CHAPTER 40∋Gγ Aγ Ψβ δ
Page 420 and 421:
410 / CHAPTER 40A. MstII restrictio
Page 422 and 423:
412 / CHAPTER 40percentage of genes
Page 424 and 425:
414 / CHAPTER 40Primosome: The mobi
Page 426 and 427:
416 / CHAPTER 41products, and toxic
Page 428 and 429:
418 / CHAPTER 41hydrophobic regions
Page 430 and 431:
420 / CHAPTER 41Table 41-2. Enzymat
Page 432 and 433:
422 / CHAPTER 41attack by nucleases
Page 434 and 435:
424 / CHAPTER 41Transportedmolecule
Page 436 and 437:
426 / CHAPTER 41Table 41-4. Some pr
Page 438 and 439:
428 / CHAPTER 41INSIDEATPADP+P i3 N
Page 440 and 441:
430 / CHAPTER 41broblasts, for exam
Page 442 and 443:
432 / CHAPTER 41Table 41-5. Some di
Page 444 and 445:
The Diversity of theEndocrine Syste
Page 446 and 447:
436 / CHAPTER 42◆❁❁✪✴ ❖
Page 448 and 449:
438 / CHAPTER 42Hormones Are Chemic
Page 450 and 451:
440 / CHAPTER 42HOABCCCDC C CC CCCh
Page 452 and 453:
442 / CHAPTER 42the gonads and acts
Page 454 and 455:
444 / CHAPTER 42OHOH5α-REDUCTASENA
Page 456 and 457:
446 / CHAPTER 42Sunlight7-Dehydroch
Page 458 and 459:
448 / CHAPTER 42FOLLICULAR SPACE WI
Page 460 and 461:
450 / CHAPTER 4220NH 2 -Ala Leu Pro
Page 462 and 463:
452 / CHAPTER 42AngiotensinogenAsp-
Page 464 and 465:
454 / CHAPTER 42Table 42-5. Diversi
Page 466 and 467:
Hormone Action &Signal Transduction
Page 468 and 469:
458 / CHAPTER 43−Cytoplasm−++TR
Page 470 and 471:
460 / CHAPTER 43NNHEEα sGDPγβCNo
Page 472 and 473:
462 / CHAPTER 43Activeadenylylcycla
Page 474 and 475:
464 / CHAPTER 43A number of critica
Page 476 and 477:
466 / CHAPTER 43RECOGNITION(HYPERGL
Page 478 and 479:
468 / CHAPTER 43C. THE NF-B PATHWAY
Page 480 and 481:
470 / CHAPTER 43A/BCDEFNAF-1DBDHing
Page 482 and 483:
472 / CHAPTER 43Table 43-5. Nuclear
Page 484 and 485:
SECTION VISpecial TopicsNutrition,
Page 486 and 487:
INTESTINALLUMEN1AcylPANCREATICAcylL
Page 488 and 489:
478 / CHAPTER 44Iron Absorption Is
Page 490 and 491:
480 / CHAPTER 44growing children ar
Page 492 and 493:
482 / CHAPTER 45Table 45-1. The vit
Page 494 and 495:
484 / CHAPTER 45H 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3
Page 496 and 497:
486 / CHAPTER 45tration of calcium.
Page 498 and 499:
488 / CHAPTER 45OCH 3HO 3Phylloquin
Page 500 and 501:
490 / CHAPTER 45FMN. The main dieta
Page 502 and 503:
492 / CHAPTER 45H 3 CH 2 NCOCH 2 CH
Page 504 and 505:
494 / CHAPTER 45droxymethyltransfer
Page 506 and 507:
496 / CHAPTER 45CH 2 OHCH 2 OHCH 2
Page 508 and 509:
Intracellular Traffic & Sortingof P
Page 510 and 511:
Plasma membraneCytosolEarlyendosome
Page 512 and 513:
502 / CHAPTER 4612GTP3GDPTargeting
Page 514 and 515:
504 / CHAPTER 46at their amino term
Page 516 and 517:
506 / CHAPTER 46NNNCNCCNNEXTRACYTOP
Page 518 and 519:
508 / CHAPTER 46Table 46-4. Some se
Page 520 and 521:
510 / CHAPTER 46Coated3 vesicle4t-S
Page 522 and 523:
512 / CHAPTER 46Membrane proteinExt
Page 524 and 525:
Glycoproteins 47Robert K. Murray, M
Page 526 and 527:
516 / CHAPTER 47Table 47-4. The pri
Page 528 and 529:
518 / CHAPTER 47animal origin are n
Page 530 and 531:
520 / CHAPTER 47NO-glycan chainTand
Page 532 and 533:
522 / CHAPTER 47α2,3 or 2,6Sialic
Page 534 and 535:
524 / CHAPTER 47Man α1,2 GlcNAc P
Page 536 and 537:
526 / CHAPTER 47Table 47-10. Summar
Page 538 and 539:
528 / CHAPTER 47Additional constitu
Page 540 and 541:
530 / CHAPTER 47ABCDBaselineRolling
Page 542 and 543:
532 / CHAPTER 47Mutations in DNAMut
Page 544 and 545:
534 / CHAPTER 47• The structures
Page 546 and 547:
536 / CHAPTER 48Table 48-1. Types o
Page 548 and 549:
538 / CHAPTER 48this matrix are the
Page 550 and 551:
540 / CHAPTER 48other gene for fibr
Page 552 and 553:
542 / CHAPTER 48other plasma protei
Page 554 and 555:
544 / CHAPTER 48β1,4 β1,3Hyaluron
Page 556 and 557:
546 / CHAPTER 48Table 48-7. Biochem
Page 558 and 559:
548 / CHAPTER 48(see above), where
Page 560 and 561:
550 / CHAPTER 48Blood capillaryNucl
Page 562 and 563:
552 / CHAPTER 48in structurally abn
Page 564 and 565:
554 / CHAPTER 48mal trunk size, mac
Page 566 and 567:
Muscle & the Cytoskeleton 49Robert
Page 568 and 569:
558 / CHAPTER 49H bandA. ExtendedI
Page 570 and 571:
560 / CHAPTER 49Myosins constitute
Page 572 and 573:
562 / CHAPTER 49123Thick filamentLM
Page 574 and 575:
564 / CHAPTER 49Depolarization of n
Page 576 and 577:
566 / CHAPTER 49Table 49-2. Some ot
Page 578 and 579:
568 / CHAPTER 49Table 49-3. Some di
Page 580 and 581:
570 / CHAPTER 49cardiomyopathy. In
Page 582 and 583:
572 / CHAPTER 49Table 49-7. Actin-m
Page 584 and 585:
574 / CHAPTER 49Table 49-8. Summary
Page 586 and 587:
576 / CHAPTER 49carbonate) loading,
Page 588 and 589:
578 / CHAPTER 49disappearing during
Page 590 and 591:
Plasma Proteins & Immunoglobulins 5
Page 592 and 593:
582 / CHAPTER 50AC+ -Albumin α 1
Page 594 and 595:
584 / CHAPTER 50tively early in con
Page 596 and 597:
586 / CHAPTER 50the level of the en
Page 598 and 599:
588 / CHAPTER 50Copper Is a Cofacto
Page 600 and 601:
590 / CHAPTER 50disease). In this c
Page 602 and 603:
592 / CHAPTER 50+ H3 N+ H3 NV LFabS
Page 604 and 605:
594 / CHAPTER 50Table 50-8. Major f
Page 606 and 607:
596 / CHAPTER 50Myeloma cellHybrido
Page 608 and 609:
Hemostasis & Thrombosis 51Margaret
Page 610 and 611:
600 / CHAPTER 51Table 51-1. Numeric
Page 612 and 613:
602 / CHAPTER 51PrethrombinCa 2+ Ca
Page 614 and 615:
604 / CHAPTER 51disease because fac
Page 616 and 617:
606 / CHAPTER 51Table 51-3. Compari
Page 618 and 619:
608 / CHAPTER 51dothelial cells, bu
Page 620 and 621:
Page 622 and 623:
Page 624 and 625:
614 / CHAPTER 52Mutations in the ge
Page 626 and 627:
616 / CHAPTER 52Table 52-6. Princip
Page 628 and 629:
618 / CHAPTER 52antibodies. For pur
Page 630 and 631:
620 / CHAPTER 52Table 52-7. Laborat
Page 632 and 633:
622 / CHAPTER 52Table 52-11. Exampl
Page 634 and 635:
624 / CHAPTER 52Table 52-12. Protei
Page 636 and 637:
Metabolism of Xenobiotics 53Robert
Page 638 and 639:
628 / CHAPTER 53smooth endoplasmic
Page 640 and 641:
630 / CHAPTER 53This reaction helps
Page 642 and 643:
632 / CHAPTER 53human genome, a new
Page 644 and 645:
634 / CHAPTER 5420 30 30 20 25cMGen
Page 646 and 647:
636 / CHAPTER 54DETERMINATION OF TH
Page 648 and 649:
638 / CHAPTER 54the proteome), incl
Page 650 and 651:
640 / APPENDIXOffice of Rare Diseas
Page 652 and 653:
IndexNote: Page numbers in bold fac
Page 654 and 655:
INDEX / 645Alpha-amino nitrogen. Se
Page 656 and 657:
INDEX / 647Aromatase enzyme complex
Page 658 and 659:
INDEX / 649Bronze diabetes, 587Brow
Page 660 and 661:
INDEX / 651CFU-E. See Colony-formin
Page 662 and 663:
INDEX / 653immunoglobulin heavy cha
Page 664 and 665:
INDEX / 655Detoxification, 626cytoc
Page 666 and 667:
INDEX / 657EcoRI, 398, 399t, 401fEc
Page 668 and 669:
INDEX / 659Extrinsic pathway of blo
Page 670 and 671:
INDEX / 661∆G F , 61enzymes affec
Page 672 and 673:
INDEX / 663Glutamine analogs, purin
Page 674 and 675:
INDEX / 665Heat, free energy libera
Page 676 and 677:
INDEX / 667Hybridomas, 595-596, 596
Page 678 and 679:
INDEX / 669Intracellular signals, 4
Page 680 and 681:
INDEX / 671Ligand-receptor complex,
Page 682 and 683:
INDEX / 673Melting point, of amino
Page 684 and 685:
INDEX / 675regulation ofactin-based
Page 686 and 687:
INDEX / 677Nucleus (cell), importin
Page 688 and 689:
INDEX / 679Phenylisothiocyanate (Ed
Page 690 and 691:
INDEX / 681Positive regulators, of
Page 692 and 693:
INDEX / 683transport, 454-455, 454t
Page 694 and 695:
INDEX / 685Reversed-phase high-pres
Page 696 and 697:
INDEX / 687Skinessential fatty acid
Page 698 and 699:
INDEX / 689Tertiary structure, 33-3
Page 700 and 701:
INDEX / 691Troponin I, 562Troponin
Page 702:
INDEX / 693Wilson disease, 432t, 58
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