Harpers

680 / INDEXPhysiologic (neonatal) jaundice, 282–283Phytanic acid, Refsum’s disease caused byaccumulation of, 188Phytase, 477Phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate), calciumabsorption affected by, 477Pi, 589. See also α 1 -AntiproteinasepI (isoelectric pH), amino acid net chargeand, 17PI-3 kinasein insulin signal transmission, 465, 466fin Jak/STAT pathway, 467PIC. See Preinitiation complexPIG-A gene, mutations of in paroxysmalnocturnal hemoglobinuria, 531,531f“Ping-Pong” mechanism, in facilitateddiffusion, 427, 427fPing-pong reactions, 69–70, 69fPinocytosis, 429–430PIP 2 , in absorptive pinocytosis, 430Pituitary hormones, 437. See also specifictypeblood glucose affected by, 161pK/pK aof amino acids, 15–16t, 17, 17f, 18environment affecting, 18, 18tmedium affecting, 13of weak acids, 10–11, 11–12, 12t, 13, 17PKA. See Protein kinase APKB. See Protein kinase BPKC. See Protein kinase CPKU. See PhenylketonuriaPlacenta, estriol synthesis by, 442Plaque hybridization, 403. See alsoHybridizationPlasma, 580Plasma cells, immunoglobulins synthesizedin, 591Plasma enzymes. See also Enzymesdiagnostic significance of, 57, 57tPlasma lipoproteins. See LipoproteinsPlasma membrane, 415, 426–431, 426f.See also Membranescarbohydrates in, 110mutations in, diseases caused by, 431,432tPlasma proteins, 514, 580–591, 581f, 583t.See also specific type andGlycoproteinsin bone, 548tconcentration of, 580electrophoresis for analysis of, 580, 582ffunctions of, 583, 583thalf life of, 582in inflammation, 621tpolymorphism of, 582synthesis ofin liver, 125, 581on polyribosomes, 581transport, 454–455, 454t, 455t, 583tPlasma thromboplastin antecedent(PTA/factor XI), 599f, 600, 600tdeficiency of, 601Plasma thromboplastin component(PTC/factor IX), 599f, 600, 600tcoumarin drugs affecting, 604deficiency of, 604Plasmalogens, 116, 117f, 199, 200fPlasmids, 400–401, 401f, 402, 402t, 403f,413for cloning in gene isolation, 635tPlasmin, 604–605, 604fPlasminogen, 604activators of, 604–605, 604f, 605, 605f,607tPlatelet-activating factor, 197, 621tsynthesis of, 198f, 199, 200fPlatelets, activation/aggregation of, 598,605–607, 606faspirin affecting, 607–608Pleckstrin, in platelet activation, 607PLP. See Pyridoxal phosphatePNMT. See Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferasepOH, in pH calculation, 9Point mutations, 361recombinant DNA technology indetection of, 408–409, 408f, 409tPoisons, oxidative phosphorylation/respiratory chain affectedby, 92, 95, 96fPol IIphosphorylation of, 350–351in preinitiation complex formation,351–352in transcription, 350–351Polarityof DNA replication/synthesis, 330–331of protein synthesis, 364of xenobiotics, metabolism and, 626Poly(A) tail, of mRNA, 309, 355–356in initiation of protein synthesis, 365Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, forprotein/peptide purification,24, 24f, 25fPolyadenylation sites, alternative, 394Polyamines, synthesis of, 265–266, 266fPolycistronic mRNA, 376Polycythemia, 46Polydystrophy, pseudo-Hurler, 532, 546tPolyelectrolytes, peptides as, 19Polyfunctional acids, nucleotides as, 290Polyisoprenoids, in cholesterol synthesis,220, 221fPolyisoprenol, in N-glycosylation, 521–522Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 57,405–406, 406f, 413, 414in gene isolation, 635tin microsatellite repeat sequencedetection, 322in primary structure determination, 26PolymerasesDNA, 326, 327–328, 327f, 328, 328tin recombinant DNA technology, 400tRNA, DNA-dependent, in RNAsynthesis, 342–343, 342f, 343tPolymorphisms, 407acetyltransferase, 630cytochrome P450, 628, 630tmicrosatellite, 322, 411, 413plasma protein, 582restriction fragment length. SeeRestriction fragment lengthpolymorphismssingle nucleotide, 414Polynucleotide kinase, in recombinantDNA technology, 400tPolynucleotides, 291–292posttranslational modification of, 289Polyol (sorbitol) pathway, 172Polypeptidesreceptors for, 436sequencing ofcleavage in, 25, 26tSanger’s determination of, 24–25Polyphosphoinositide pathway, plateletactivation and, 605–607Polyprenoids, 118, 119fPolyribosomes (polysomes), 310, 370protein synthesis on, 498, 499f, 500f,506plasma proteins, 581signal hypothesis of binding of,503–505, 504t, 505fPolysaccharides, 102, 107–110, 108f, 109f.See also specific typePolysomes. See PolyribosomesPolytene chromosomes, 318, 318fPolyunsaturated fatty acids, 112, 113t. Seealso Fatty acids; Unsaturated fattyacidsdietary, cholesterol levels affected by, 227eicosanoids formed from, 190, 192,193f, 194fessential, 190, 190fsynthesis of, 191, 191f, 192fPOMC. See Pro-opiomelanocortin(POMC) peptide familyPompe’s disease, 152tPorcine stress syndrome, 565Porphobilinogen, 270, 273f, 275fPorphyrias, 274–278, 277f, 277tPorphyrinogens, 272accumulation of in porphyria, 274–278Porphyrins, 270–278, 271f, 272fabsorption spectra of, 273–274, 277fheme synthesis and, 270–273, 273f,274f, 275f, 276freduced, 272spectrophotometry in detection of,273–274Positive nitrogen balance, 479