Harpers

686 / INDEXScheie syndrome, 546tSchindler disease, 532–533, 533tScrapie, 37Scurvy, 482t, 496collagen affected in, 38–39, 496,538–539SDS-PAGE. See Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresisSe gene, 618Sec1 proteins, 511Sec61p complex, 504Second messengers, 76, 436–437, 437t,457–468, 461t, 463t. See alsospecific typecalcium as, 436–437, 437t, 457cAMP as, 147, 436, 437t, 457, 458–462,460t, 462fcGMP as, 290, 436, 437t, 457, 462–463diacylglycerol as, 464, 465finositol trisphosphate as, 464–465, 464f,465fprecursors ofphosphatidylinositol as, 115, 115fphospholipids as, 197Secondary structure, 31, 31–33, 32f, 33f,34fpeptide bonds affecting, 31, 31fsupersecondary motifs and, 33Secretor (Se) gene, 618Secretory component, of IgA, 595fSecretory granules, protein entry into, 507,507fSecretory (exocytotic) pathway, 498Secretory vesicles, 498, 500fD-Sedoheptulose, 106fSelectins, 528–530, 529f, 529t, 530fSelectivity/selective permeability,membrane, 415, 423–426,423t, 424f, 425f, 426tSelenium, 496tin glutathione peroxidase, 88, 166Selenocysteine, synthesis of, 240, 240fSelenophosphate synthetase/synthase, 240,240fSelf-assemblyin collagen synthesis, 537of lipid bilayer, 418Self-association, hydrophobic interactionsand, 6–7Sensory neuropathy, in vitamin B 6 excess,491Sepharose-lectin column chromatography,in glycoprotein analysis, 515tSequential displacement reactions, 69, 69fSerine, 15tcatabolism of, pyruvate formation and,250, 252fconserved residues and, 54, 55tin cysteine and homoserine synthesis,239, 239fin glycine synthesis, 238, 239fphosphorylated, 264synthesis of, 238, 238ftetrahydrofolate and, 492–494, 493fSerine 195, in covalent catalysis, 53–54, 54fSerine hydroxymethyltransferase, 250, 252f,493–494Serine protease inhibitor, 589. See alsoα 1 -AntiproteinaseSerine proteases. See also specific typeconserved residues and, 54, 55tin covalent catalysis, 53–54, 54fzymogens of, in blood coagulation, 600,600t, 601Serotonin, 266–267, 621tSerpin, 589. See also α 1 -AntiproteinaseSerum prothrombin conversion accelerator(SPCA/factor VII), 599f, 600t,601coumarin drugs affecting, 604Sex (gender), xenobiotic-metabolizingenzymes affected by, 630Sex hormone-binding globulin(testosterone-estrogen-bindingglobulin), 455, 455t, 583tSGLT 1 transporter protein, 475, 475fSGOT. See Aspartate aminotransferaseSGPT. See Alanine aminotransferaseSH2 domains. See Src homology 2 (SH2)domainsSHBG. See Sex hormone-binding globulinShort interspersed repeat sequences(SINEs), 321–322, 414Shoshin beriberi, 489Shotgun sequencing, 634SI nuclease, in recombinant DNAtechnology, 400tSialic acids, 110, 110f, 116, 169, 171fin gangliosides, 171f, 201, 203fin glycoproteins, 109t, 516tSialidosis, 532–533, 533t, 546, 546tSialoprotein, bone, 548t, 550Sialyl-Lewis X , selectins binding, 530, 530fSialylated oligosaccharides, selectinsbinding, 530Sickle cell disease, 363, 619pedigree analysis of, 409, 410frecombinant DNA technology indetection of, 408–409Side chain cleavage enzyme P450(P450scc), 438, 440f, 442Side chains, in porphyrins, 270, 271fSigmoid substrate saturation kinetics, Hillequation in evaluation of, 66–67,67fSignal. See also Signal peptidegeneration of, 456–457, 458f, 459f, 459tin recombinant DNA technology, 414transmission of. See also Signaltransductionacross membrane, 415, 431Signal hypothesis, of polyribosome binding,503–505, 504t, 505fSignal peptidase, 504, 505fSignal peptide, 498, 503–504, 508talbumin, 583in protein sorting, 498–499, 499f, 500f,503–504, 505, 505fSignal recognition particle, 504Signal sequence. See Signal peptideSignal transducers and activators oftranscription (STATs), 467, 467fSignal transduction, 456–473GPI-anchors in, 528hormone response to stimulus and, 456,457fintracellular messengers in, 457–468,461t, 463t. See also specific typein platelet activation, 606, 606fsignal generation and, 456–457, 458f,459f, 459ttranscription modulation and, 468–473,470f, 471f, 472tSilencers, 348recombinant DNA technology and, 397Silencing mediator for RXR and TR(SMRT), 472t, 473Silent mutations, 361Silicon, 496tSimple diffusion, 423, 423t, 424fSimvastatin, 229SINEs. See Short interspersed repeatsequencesSingle displacement reactions, 69, 69fSingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 414Single-pass membrane proteins,glycophorins as, 615–616,615f, 616f, 616tSingle-stranded DNA, replication from,326. See also DNA,replication/synthesis ofSingle-stranded DNA-binding proteins(SSBs), 326, 327, 327f, 328tSister chromatid exchanges, 325, 325fSister chromatids, 318, 319fSite-directed mutagenesis, in enzyme study,58Site-specific DNA methylases, 398Site specific integration, 324Sitosterol, for hypercholesterolemia, 229Size exclusion chromatography, forprotein/peptide purification,21–22, 23fSK. See StreptokinaseSkeletal muscle, 556, 568t. See also Muscle;Muscle contractionglycogen stores in, 573metabolism in, 125, 125flactate production and, 139as protein reserve, 576slow (red) and fast (white) twitch fibersin, 574–576, 575t