Harpers

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS & THE GENETIC CODE / 373processes: initiation, elongation, and termination.Mutant proteins arise when single-base substitutionsresult in codons that specify a different amino acid ata given position, when a stop codon results in a truncatedprotein, or when base additions or deletionsalter the reading frame, so different codons are read.• A variety of compounds, including several antibiotics,inhibit protein synthesis by affecting one ormore of the steps involved in protein synthesis.REFERENCESCrick F et al: The genetic code. Nature 1961;192:1227.Green R, Noller HF: Ribosomes and translation. Annu RevBiochem 1997;66:679.Kozak M: Structural features in eukaryotic mRNAs that modulatethe initiation of translation. J Biol Chem 1991;266:1986.Lawrence JC, Abraham RT: PHAS/4E-BPs as regulators of mRNAtranslation and cell proliferation. Trends Biochem Sci1997;22:345.Sachs AB, Buratowski S: Common themes in translational andtranscriptional regulation. Trends Biochem Sci 1997;22:189.Sachs AB, Sarnow P, Hentze MW: Starting at the beginning, middleand end: translation initiation in eukaryotes. Cell 1997;98:831.Weatherall DJ et al: The hemoglobinopathies. In: The Metabolicand Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, 8th ed. Scriver CR etal (editors). McGraw-Hill, 2001.