Progress Amid Resistance

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IRAQ 19143Amit R. Paley, “For Kurdish Girls, a Painful Ancient Ritual,” Washington Post, December29, 2008.44Timothy Williams, “Iraq’s War Widows.”45Nancy Trejos, “Women Lose Ground in the New Iraq,” Washington Post, December 16,2006.46Committee to Protect Journalists, “Iraq: Journalists in Danger,” http://cpj.org/reports/2008/07/journalists-killed-in-iraq.php (accessed September 3, 2009).47Ned Parker, “Woman Arrested Over Police Rape Claims,” Times (of London), March13, 2007.
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women’s rightsin the middle easta
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Published by Rowman & Littlefield P
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCompletion of the W
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SURVEY CONTRIBUTORSFreedom House St
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SURVEY CONTRIBUTORSxiEgyptNehad Abu
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HARD-WON PROGRESS AND A LONG ROAD A
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APPENDIXSUMMARY OF FINDINGS BY COUN
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APPENDIX: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS BY CO
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24 WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE E
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•★algeriaby Nadia MarzoukiPOPUL
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ALGERIA 31objections of human right
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ALGERIA 33Civil laws and policies a
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ALGERIA 35the father and the mother
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ALGERIA 37Women are permitted to tr
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ALGERIA 39travel abroad with their
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ALGERIA 41International organizatio
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ALGERIA 43negative stereotypes and
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ALGERIA 45Algerian women are free t
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ALGERIA 47the effort should address
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ALGERIA 49Few women hold leadership
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ALGERIA 51SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHT
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ALGERIA 5316 percent work for weekl
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ALGERIA 5511The group is named afte
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ALGERIA 5741See Algerian National C
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★•egyptby Mariz TadrosPOPULATIO
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EGYPT 91included crucial steps towa
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EGYPT 93Activists continue to chall
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EGYPT 95F The government and NGOs s
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EGYPT 97Under the Muslim personal s
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EGYPT 99a husband or father can sti
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EGYPT 101by legislation and other m
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EGYPT 103virtually defenseless to s
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EGYPT 105working at establishments
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EGYPT 107F The most pressing needs
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EGYPT 109mayor in Egypt, presiding
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EGYPT 111sweeping powers to repress
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EGYPT 113urban quarters populated b
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EGYPT 115households are necessarily
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EGYPT 11715The religious breakdown
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EGYPT 11950Egyptian Center for Wome
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•★iranby Nayereh TohidiPOPULATI
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IRAN 123Assembly, or Majlis) to mak
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IRAN 125Under Shari‘a, the lawful
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IRAN 127the last two years alone, 6
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IRAN 129because she has acted as le
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IRAN 131domicile of a married woman
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IRAN 133girls turn seven, but the a
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IRAN 135judiciary, Ali Reza Jamshid
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IRAN 137anger management, domestic
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IRAN 139dominance” to a foreigner
Page 154 and 155: IRAN 141F To improve female labor-f
Page 156 and 157: IRAN 143from the events, ending the
Page 158 and 159: IRAN 145change discriminatory laws,
Page 160 and 161: IRAN 147F All political parties sho
Page 162 and 163: IRAN 149chador (an all-encompassing
Page 164 and 165: IRAN 151The Politics of Women’s R
Page 166 and 167: IRAN 15328See International Campaig
Page 168 and 169: IRAN 15567Rebecca Santana, “Women
Page 170 and 171: ★iraqby Huda AhmedPOPULATION: 30,
Page 172 and 173: IRAQ 159At the same time, due to th
Page 174 and 175: IRAQ 161instances of honor killings
Page 176 and 177: IRAQ 163lawmakers, judges, and lawy
Page 178 and 179: IRAQ 165discriminate against women;
Page 180 and 181: IRAQ 167large numbers. Non-Muslim m
Page 182 and 183: IRAQ 169in 2006 that there were som
Page 184 and 185: IRAQ 171bribed the police officer.
Page 186 and 187: ECONOMIC RIGHTS AND EQUAL OPPORTUNI
Page 188 and 189: IRAQ 175calls for equal pay and ben
Page 190 and 191: IRAQ 177will study. They may send t
Page 192 and 193: IRAQ 179not to place their posters
Page 194 and 195: IRAQ 181only those who had been jud
Page 196 and 197: IRAQ 183activist was not so lucky.
Page 198 and 199: IRAQ 185guardians. This is less of
Page 200 and 201: IRAQ 187protect the family union. T
Page 202 and 203: IRAQ 1895In 2006, Prime Minister Nu
Page 206 and 207: •★jordanby Rana HusseiniPOPULAT
Page 208 and 209: JORDAN 195press conferences and mee
Page 210 and 211: JORDAN 197for instance, the testimo
Page 212 and 213: JORDAN 199prepared and submitted Jo
Page 214 and 215: JORDAN 201obtain an education or wo
Page 216 and 217: JORDAN 203to provide a reason or ju
Page 218 and 219: JORDAN 205victims, prosecute offend
Page 220 and 221: JORDAN 207presented by a group of a
Page 222 and 223: JORDAN 209Women’s freedom to choo
Page 224 and 225: JORDAN 211benefits out of fear of l
Page 226 and 227: JORDAN 213King Abdullah II is the r
Page 228 and 229: JORDAN 215explanation, to hold a ma
Page 230 and 231: JORDAN 217Women working in the priv
Page 232 and 233: JORDAN 219women’s issues. While a
Page 234 and 235: JORDAN 22112“Jordan: Government A
Page 236 and 237: ★kuwaitby Haya al-MughniPOPULATIO
Page 238 and 239: KUWAIT 225Advocacy for women’s ri
Page 240 and 241: KUWAIT 227died, or if there has bee
Page 242 and 243: KUWAIT 229RecommendationsF The gove
Page 244 and 245: KUWAIT 231specifically to articles
Page 246 and 247: KUWAIT 233in creasingly common prac
Page 248 and 249: KUWAIT 235Kuwaiti women may enter f
Page 250 and 251: KUWAIT 237of these complaints remai
Page 252 and 253: KUWAIT 239In 2006, the parliament e
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KUWAIT 241with similar functions al
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KUWAIT 243apply for 45,000 dinars (
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NOTESKUWAIT 2451Youssef Ibrahim,
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KUWAIT 24726Ahmad Al-Khaled, “Kuw
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★lebanonby Mona Chemali KhalafPOP
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LEBANON 251He had broken publicly w
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LEBANON 253In 2003, the Directorate
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LEBANON 255Christian denominations.
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LEBANON 257Gathering, with the supp
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LEBANON 259Most of the existing per
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LEBANON 261stipulate in the marital
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LEBANON 263Aside from a few tallies
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LEBANON 265Inheritance laws differ
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LEBANON 267leave from 40 days to se
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POLITICAL RIGHTS AND CIVIC VOICELEB
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LEBANON 271of Arab women, only four
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SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTSLEBANON 2
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LEBANON 275care, and education for
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LEBANON 277publications that focus
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LEBANON 27928The amended law states
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LEBANON 28164Second Periodic Report
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284 WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE
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syria★•POPULATION: 21,906,000GN
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SYRIA 461Many women, particularly t
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SYRIA 463those who practice the fai
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SYRIA 465F The government should re
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SYRIA 467not completely comfortable
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SYRIA 469rights organizations, jour
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SYRIA 471is the largest single expo
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SYRIA 473industrial work, particula
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SYRIA 475F Public and private lende
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SYRIA 477known as the Damascus Decl
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SYRIA 479RecommendationsF The gover
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SYRIA 481marriage represents the pr
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SYRIA 48317Front Line, the Internat
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SYRIA 48562Samira Soubh, Women Empo
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★•tunisiaLilia Ben SalemPOPULAT
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TUNISIA 489Together, the Ministry o
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TUNISIA 491explains the reluctance
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TUNISIA 493AUTONOMY, SECURITY, AND
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TUNISIA 495The workload of rural wo
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TUNISIA 497toward his wife, 38.5 pe
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TUNISIA 499mothers. 37 Married men
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TUNISIA 501the 2003 figures, when w
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TUNISIA 503their interactions with
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TUNISIA 505vice-president. Before t
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TUNISIA 507SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGH
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TUNISIA 509Affairs, Solidarity, and
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TUNISIA 51110Article 207 of the pen
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TUNISIA 51341Case No. 31115, Februa
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TUNISIA 51582National Statistics In
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•★yemenby Elham ManeaPOPULATION
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YEMEN 547parties, including the rul
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YEMEN 549was amended to allow a Yem
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YEMEN 551during Friday sermons. She
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YEMEN 553treat women as inferior me
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YEMEN 555women often fall prey to h
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YEMEN 557F The government should ou
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YEMEN 559the general education gap
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YEMEN 561opportunity for qualified
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YEMEN 563the first time in Yemeni h
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YEMEN 565Although Yemeni political
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YEMEN 567Women have limited freedom
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YEMEN 569female health workers inhi
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YEMEN 571Women have a legal right t
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YEMEN 5739Elham Manea, “The Shame
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YEMEN 575The JMP includes the Islah
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578 METHODOLOGYAnalytical Country R
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580 METHODOLOGYThe publication will
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582 CHECKLIST QUESTIONSbenefiting f
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584 CHECKLIST QUESTIONS3. To what e
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SCORING SYSTEMThe survey is compris
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ABOUT FREEDOM HOUSEFreedom House, a
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FREEDOM HOUSE BOARD OF TRUSTEESWill
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