Progress Amid Resistance

LEBANON 257Gathering, with the support of the Lebanese Women’s Network, haslaunched a campaign that aims to remove all gender-based discriminatoryprovisions from the penal code. Moreover, the nonprofit organizationKAFA (“Enough”) Violence and Exploitation is committed to endingviolence against women and children through outreach, advocacy, andawareness. KAFA considers current laws to be inadequate to fight familyviolence, and in cooperation with other NGOs and experts in the field,it has launched a campaign in support of a draft law that would protectwomen against domestic abuse.RecommendationsF Efforts should be made to fully implement Article 7 of the constitution,which establishes equality in the rights and duties of all citizens.Existing laws that promote equality should be fully enforced, newlaws reinforcing equality should be promulgated, discriminatory lawsshould be repealed or amended, and steps should be taken to increasewomen’s awareness about their legal rights.F The nationality law should be amended to allow Lebanese women topass their nationality to foreign husbands and children. Specifically,Article 1 of Decree No. 15 of January 19, 1925, should be amendedto read that any person born of a Lebanese father or mother shall beconsidered Lebanese.F The definition of adultery within the penal code should be made gender-neutral.Adulterous men should no longer be able to evade punishmentby resuming sexual relations with their spouses unless the sameopportunity is given to adulterous women.F Article 562 of the penal code, which offers reduced sentences to maleperpetrators of “honor crimes,” should be eliminated. Those convictedof killing or injuring a female relative for honor-related reasons shouldreceive no special leniency from the courts.F Domestic and international NGOs should closely monitor the implementationof international conventions, which have legal precedenceover national laws.AUTONOMY, SECURITY, AND FREEDOM OF THE PERSONLebanon is one of the most diverse countries in the region and has 18 legallyrecognized religious groups. 23 Because of the great political sensitivity