Progress Amid Resistance

SAUDI ARABIA 451according to the 1954 law. The issue of women nationals’ inability to pass citizenshipto their children is common region-wide. More information on this subject is availablethrough The Women’s Learning Partnership, a women’s rights organization based inWashington, D.C., which has been leading a campaign on behalf of women’s citizenshiprights in Muslim countries. See the organization’s web publication, “Claiming EqualCitizenship: The Campaign for Arab Women’s Right to Nationality,” www.learningpartnership.org/citizenship/category/countries/.4Members of the religious/moral police force are known as mutawwa‘in (literally “obediencecausers”).5Royal Decree no. M/54 (29 Shawwal 1425 AH). “Consideration of Reports Submittedby States Parties Under Article 18 of the Convention, Combined Initial and SecondPeriodic Reports of States Parties: Saudi Arabia” (United Nations, Committee on theElimination of Discrimination against Women, CEDAW/C/SAU/2, 07-29667 [E]120507 230507, March 29, 2007), 16, http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N07/296/67/PDF/N0729667.pdf?OpenElement.6Maha Akeel, “New Law May Help Non-Saudi Wife,” Arab News, June 25, 2007.7Sarah Abdullah, “Foreign-Born Women Married to Saudis Concerned Over NewCitizenship Rule,” Arab News, June 18, 2007.8Awad al-Maliki, “Saudi Women Can Obtain ID Cards Without Guardian’s Permission,”Al-Madinah, March 4, 2008, in Arabic.9Abd al-Raheem Ali, “Saudi Family Courts, Female Judges Recommended,” islamonline.net (Doha, Qatar), June 14, 2004, www.islamonline.net/English/News/2004-06/14/article03.shtml.10Hamid al-Shahri, “Saudi Justice Minister Says Female Lawyers Permitted Only toProvide Legal Advice,” Al-Watan, GMP20070201614006, February 1, 2007, in Arabic.11“Women to Work in Saudi Courts,” Arab News, March 31, 2008. Dr. Al Ash-Shaikhnoted that in his view women have the right to practice the legal profession. Mariam al-Hakeem, “Saudi Women ‘Have Right to Practise Law,’” Gulf News, October 25, 2007.12“Saudi Arabia: Halt Woman’s Execution for ‘Witchcraft’: Fawza Falih’s Case RevealsDeep Flaws in Saudi Justice System” (New York: Human Rights Watch [HRW],February 14, 2008).13“Religious Police in Saudi Arabia Arrest Mother for Sitting with a Man,” TimesOnLine,February 7, 2008, www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article3321637.ece.14“75-Year-Old Widow to Be Flogged,” The Independent, March 10, 2009, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/75yearold-widow-to-be-flogged-1641548.html.15“Saudi Arabia: Morality Police Under Pressure,” in “News and Views,” Arab ReformBulletin (Carnegie Endowment) 5, no. 5 (June 2007).16For the text of the hearing on the report, see “Summary Record of the 815th MeetingHeld January 17, 2008, Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties UnderArticle 18 of the Convention” (United Nations, Convention on the Elimination ofDis crimination against Women, Committee on the Elimination of Discriminationagainst Women, Fortieth session, CEDAW/C/SR.815, February 18, 2008), www2