FLOW AROUND A CYLINDER - istiarto

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– 2.60 – x,y,z [m] longitudinal, transversal, and vertical directions. � [°] angular direction. � D [°] Doppler angle. � T � [°] angle of the tristatic plane. � V � [°] direction of the instantaneous velocity vector. � Karman constant.� � wake-strength parameter.� �� [°] scour bed inclination.� �� [°] angular direction of the cylindrical coordinate.� � [kg/m 3 ] water density. �g uniformity index of the sediment. ��o [N/m 2 ] shear stress, bed shear stress.
Chapter 3 – 3.i – 3 Elaboration of the measured Flow 3.1 Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 3.1 Résumé ....................................................................................................................... 3.1 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 3.3 3.2 (Time-averaged) velocity fields ...................................................................... 3.3 3.2.1 Vertical distribution of the velocity ............................................................. 3.4 3.2.2 Flow pattern around the cylinder ................................................................. 3.7 3.2.3 Transverse velocity ................................................................................... 3.11 3.2.4 Vertical velocity (downward flow) ............................................................ 3.15 3.2.5 Vorticity fields .......................................................................................... 3.20 3.3 Turbulence characteristics around the cylinder .......................................... 3.22 3.3.1 Vertical distributions of the turbulence stresses ......................................... 3.22 3.3.2 Turbulent kinetic energy ........................................................................... 3.24 3.4 Bed shear-stresses along the plane of symmetry ......................................... 3.29 3.5 Summary and conclusions ............................................................................ 3.34 References................................................................................................................. 3.38 Notations ................................................................................................................... 3.38
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FLOW AROUND A CYLINDER IN A SCOURED
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- iii - Flow around a Cylinder in a
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- v - Écoulement à Surface Libre
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- vii - Acknowledgements I wish to
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- ix - Table of Contents Abstract i
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- xi - 4.4 Pressure-velocity coupli
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Chapter 1 - 1.i - 1 Introduction 1.
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1 Introduction 1.1 Flow around a cy
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- 1.3 - pitot tubes. Ahmed and Raja
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Chapter 2 - 2.i - 2 Flow Measuremen
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2 Flow Measurements Abstract - 2.1
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2.1 Measurement design - 2.3 - The
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- 2.5 - The water circuit is a clos
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- 2.7 - Consider a target ―i‖ m
Page 29 and 30: - 2.9 - Obtaining the velocity comp
Page 31 and 32: - 2.11 - Fig. 2.4 Cartesian and cyl
Page 33 and 34: - 2.13 - transducer were used, a fo
Page 35 and 36: - 2.15 - typically needed for this
Page 37 and 38: - 2.17 - 2.3.3 Comparison to other
Page 39 and 40: - 2.19 - Fig. 2.7 Scour hole geomet
Page 41 and 42: - 2.21 - Fig. 2.8 Distributions of
Page 43 and 44: u ��u �� u� � Du exp�
Page 45 and 46: - 2.25 - �o , and accordingly the
Page 47 and 48: - 2.27 - Measurements in zone A. Th
Page 49 and 50: - 2.29 - and 0.3 u �� u ��
Page 51 and 52: - 2.31 - Fig. 2.12b Cont’d.
Page 53 and 54: - 2.33 - Fig. 2.12d Cont’d.
Page 55 and 56: 2.5.4 Measurements in the plane �
Page 61 and 62: - 2.41 - the solid boundary of the
Page 67 and 68: - 2.47 - Turbulence intensities in
Page 69 and 70: - 2.49 - Fig. 2.15a Vertical distri
Page 71 and 72: - 2.51 - Fig. 2.15c Cont’d.
Page 73 and 74: - 2.53 - Reynolds stresses in the p
Page 75 and 76: - 2.55 - Fig. 2.16c Cont’d.
Page 77 and 78: 2.6 Summary and conclusions - 2.57
Page 79: - 2.59 - Rolland, T. (1994). Develo
Page 83 and 84: - 3.1 - 3 Elaboration of the measur
Page 85 and 86: 3.1 Introduction - 3.3 - Presented
Page 87 and 88: - 3.5 - Fig. 3.1 Measured velocity
Page 89 and 90: 3.2.2 Flow pattern around the cylin
Page 91 and 92: - 3.9 - Fig. 3.2 Cont’d.
Page 93 and 94: Flow in the plane � = 45° and 90
Page 95 and 96: - 3.13 - Fig. 3.4 Contours of the m
Page 97 and 98: 3.2.4 Vertical velocity (downward f
Page 99 and 100: - 3.17 - flow may undergo a rotatin
Page 103 and 104: - 3.21 - A similar observation, in
Page 105 and 106: - 3.23 - Fig. 3.9 Measured turbulen
Page 107 and 108: The following is to be observed: -
Page 111 and 112: - 3.29 - 3.4 Bed shear-stresses alo
Page 113 and 114: x [cm] - 3.31 - Table 3.1 Estimated
Page 115 and 116: - 3.33 - Fig. 3.12 Estimated bed sh
Page 117 and 118: - 3.35 - (see Fig. 3.10 and Fig. 3.
Page 119 and 120: - 3.37 - Fig. 3.14 Axonometric pres
Page 121 and 122: - 3.39 - U, U∞ [m/s] sectional av
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 4 - 4.i - 4 Numerical Model
Page 125 and 126: - 4.1 - 4 Numerical Model Developme
Page 127 and 128: �u �t �v �t �w �t �
Page 129 and 130: - 4.5 - The volume integrals of the
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- 4.7 - Fig. 4.1 Overall iterative
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- 4.9 - increase the computer stora
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- 4.11 - �� 1 ��
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- 4.13 - convective transport throu
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- 4.15 - n,��1 during a time st
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� for 0 � Pe e � q eL PE �
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4.3.8 Source terms - 4.19 - The sou
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2D � � � x �� b 2D �
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- 4.23 - b T � V P �t � n P
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- 4.25 - �� u ��1 � c i
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- 4.27 - Next, we need to define th
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4.5 Boundary conditions 4.5.1 Bound
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- 4.31 - The above relation holds a
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- 4.33 - � extrapolate all variab
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G � � t 2 �V t - 4.35 - 2 �
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with � �� nt,b � ��
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- 4.39 - boundary node B are then a
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- 4.41 - Wall function for the �
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k and � equations - 4.43 - � se
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�� z-momentum: - 4.45 - ��1
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- 4.47 - � reconstruct the mesh,
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- 4.49 - Fig. 4.13 The structure of
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- 4.51 - ��
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4.7 Summary - 4.53 - Development of
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- 4.55 - B, �B [-] constant and w
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- 4.57 - �, � 1 , � p [-] und
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Chapter 5 - 5.i - 5 Numerical Simul
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5 Numerical Simulation Abstract - 5
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5.2 Experimental data - 5.3 - 5.2.1
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- 5.5 - computational nodes. The ot
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- 5.7 - (i) Yulistiyanto data (ii)
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- 5.9 - ( p � � 1 [mm]), but th
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- 5.11 - Fig. 5.4 Model test result
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- 5.13 - within a greater number of
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- 5.15 - Fig. 5.6 Computational his
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- 5.17 - 5.5 Simulation of flow aro
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- 5.19 - Fig. 5.9 Definition sketch
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- 5.21 - Fig. 5.10 Computed (lines)
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- 5.23 - Fig. 5.11 Computed and mea
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- 5.25 - 1.2U ∞ of the measuremen
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Water-surface profile - 5.27 - The
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- 5.29 - using a Joukowski transfor
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- 5.31 - 5.6.3 Results of the simul
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Velocity fields around the cylinder
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- 5.35 - Fig. 5.18 Computed and mea
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- 5.37 - than the measured one. The
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- 5.39 - Production and dissipation
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- 5.41 - Production of turbulent ki
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- 5.43 - If the above approach were
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- 5.45 - and surface profiles (see
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- 5.47 - Fig. 5.24 Surface boundary
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- 5.49 - S [m 2 ] surface area. So,
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Chapter 6 - 6.i - 6 Summary and Con
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- 6.1 - 6 Summary and Conclusions 6
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- 6.3 - The spatial distributions o
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- 6.5 - � Laboratory measurements
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- 6.7 - Fig. 6.1 Measured and compu
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IDENTITE - 7.1 - Curriculum Vitæ N
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- iii - Appendices Appendix A: Expe
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A Experimental Data - A.1 - The exp
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B Numerical Model B.1 Program struc
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- B.3 -
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B.2 Input data file - B.5 - The inp
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- B.7 - #31 imon1, jmon1, kmon1 thr
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BLO for blocked cells, INL for inle
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