ISSUE 136 : May/Jun - 1999 - Australian Defence Force Journal

More documents

Recommendations

Info

38AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE JOURNAL NO. 136 MAY/JUNE 1999called on all nations to play their part to halt thegreenhouse effect, following Australia’s lead. Despitethe rhetoric, Australia was backpedalling on its ownresponsibilities by 1994, and did not create anysignificant initiatives to meet the targets set. A“carbon tax” was proposed but rejected by Cabinet,and the business community thought the targetsagreed to in Rio unattainable. The targets were finallyabandoned by the Coalition Government in 1996. 36ConclusionAustralia and New Zealand share a commonheritage and history, and their relationship with eachother has been strong throughout the short period oftheir independence. By 1985, both were in full controlof their defence, and foreign policy, ready to playtheir part in global issues.As a result of the ANZUS crisis, and the UnitedStates withdrawal from the region, both countries hadto adjust their defence policies and began to look toAsia for partners in regional security. Australia, whilesympathetic to New Zealand’s anti-nuclear policy,saw ANZUS (and hence the United States) as thecentrepiece of the country’s foreign policy, and wouldnot jeopardise that relationship. New Zealand shiftedits defence dependence to Australia, and in doing so,found itself serving a far harder master than theUnited States. Both countries have strengthened theirdefence relationships in Asia: New Zealand throughits continued commitment to the Five Power DefenceArrangement (FPDA), and Australia through anumber of bilateral agreements, the most significantwith Indonesia.The moves by both countries to become engagedin Asia, and strengthen bilateral relations with theimportant North Asia countries, highlight thediscarding of the final colonial baggage. Theformation of ARF and APEC are significant defenceand foreign policy initiatives, and together withAustralia’s security agreement with Indonesiahighlight the developing relationships in the AsiaPacific region.“Good international citizenship” is a growingtrend in western societies and both countriesembraced it as an ideal in the early nineties. NewZealand has had the conviction of its ideals,defending its anti-nuclear policy against the might ofthe United States, yet joining with them to defendpeace across the globe. Rwanda, Somalia, Bosnia andBougainville are but a few of the countries in whichNZDF personnel have served as peacekeepers since1985, and this role is a centrepiece of New Zealanddefence policy. Australia tempered its “goodinternational citizenship” with national interestparticularly when addressing anti-nuclear andenvironmental issues. Economic growth and therelationship with the United States were consideredmore important than becoming a truly altruisticsociety. Australia has been successful in promotingpeace in the region (Cambodia most notably), andcontributes peacekeeping forces to a number of globaltrouble spots.Both countries have matured as nations since1985, displaying growing confidence on the worldstage. Successive Australian and New Zealandgovernments recognised the importance of becomingfull partners in the region. As the colonial influences(European and American) diminished, and Asianeconomies boomed, they implemented policies thatwill continue to influence each country’s stature forthe foreseeable future.NOTES1. A. & R. Burnett, The Australia and New Zealand Nexus,Australian National University, Canberra, 1978, pp. 66-71.2. M. McKinnon, Independence and Foreign Policy: NewZealand in the world since 1935, Auckland University Press,Auckland, 1993, pp.45-46.3. C. Bridge (ed), Munich to Vietnam: Australia’s relations withBritain and the United States since the 1930s, MelbourneUniversity Press, Melbourne, 1991, p.110.4. T.B. Millar, Australia in War and Peace: external relationssince 1788 (Second Edition), Australian National UniversityPress, Canberra, 1991, p.363.5. M. McKinnon, op. cit., pp. 282-284.6. ibid., p. 283.7. ibid.8. G. Smith, D. Cox and S. Burchill, Australia in the World: Anintroduction to Australian Foreign Policy, Oxford UniversityPress, Melbourne, 1996, p. 65.9. Australia, Department of Defence, The Defence of Australia1987, AGPS, Canberra, 1987.10. ibid.11. M. McKinnon, op. cit., p. 297.12. ibid., pp. 46-48.13. New Zealand, Department of Defence, New Zealand DefenceWhite Paper, http://www.mft.govt.nz/, 199714. New Zealand, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, NewZealand's Foreign and Trade Policy: Bilateral and RegionalRelationships, http://www.mft.govt.nz/part2.html, 199615. M. Ramage, ‘New Zealand Defence Post-election: in limbo’,Research and Analysis, Directorate of Army Research andAnalysis, No. 11, December, 1996, p. 3.16. T.B. Millar, op. cit., pp. 364-369.17. G. Smith, D. Cox and S. Burchill, op.cit., p. 87.18. Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, In theNational Interest Australia’s Foreign and Trade Policy WhitePaper, National Capital Printing, Canberra, 1997, p. 1.19. M. McKinnon, op. cit., pp.252-277.
COMPARING AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND DEFENCE AND FOREIGN POLICY SINCE 19853920. New Zealand, Department of Defence, New Zealand DefenceWhite Paper, http://www.mft.govt.nz/, 199721. G. Smith, D. Cox and S. Burchill, op.cit., pp.95-113.22. New Zealand, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, loc. cit.23. G. Smith, D. Cox and S. Burchill, op.cit., pp.108-110.24. Commonwealth of Australia, Agreement between theGovernment of Australia and the Government of the Republicof Indonesia on Maintaining Security, AGPS, Canberra, 1997.25. New Zealand, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, NewZealand's Foreign and Trade Policy: Bilateral and RegionalRelationships, http://www.mft.govt.nz/part2.html, 1996.26. R. Garnaut, Australia and the Northeast Asian Ascendancy,AGPS, Canberra, 1990, pp. 154-155.27. G. Smith, D. Cox and S. Burchill, loc. cit.28. M. McKinnon, op. cit., p. 289.29. T.B. Millar, op. cit., pp. 362-363.30. New Zealand, Department of Defence, New Zealand DefenceWhite Paper, http://www.mft.govt.nz/, 1997.31. M. McKinnon, op. cit., p. 290.32. New Zealand, Department of Defence, New Zealand DefenceWhite Paper, http://www.mft.govt.nz/, 1997.33. G. Evans, ‘Australian Foreign Policy: Priorities in a ChangingWorld’, Australian Outlook, vol. 43, no. 2, p.13, quoted in G.Smith, D. Cox and S. Burchill, op.cit., p.219.34. ibid.35. R. Kelly, The United Nations Conference on Environment andDevelopment (UNCED): Where to Now and What Does itMean for Australia?, Address to the National Press Club,Canberra, 19 June 1992, quoted in G. Smith, D. Cox and S.Burchill, op.cit., pp. 193-195.36. G. Smith, D. Cox and S. Burchill, op.cit., pp. 193-200.BIBLIOGRAPHYBridge, C., (ed), Munich to Vietnam: Australia’s relations withBritain and the United States since the 1930s, MelbourneUniversity Press, Melbourne, 1991.Burnett, A. & R., The Australia and New Zealand Nexus,Australian National University, Canberra, 1978.Commonwealth of Australia, Australia-Indonesia Agreement onMaintaining Security (AMS), AGPS, Canberra, 1997.Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Defence, The Defenceof Australia 1987, AGPS, Canberra, 1987.Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Defence, DefendingAustralia: Defence White Paper 1994, AGPS, Canberra, 1994.Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs andTrade, In the National Interest Australia’s Foreign and TradePolicy White Paper, National Capital Printing, Canberra, 1997.DeAngelis, Dr. R., Middle-Level Power Overstretch?, 1995Foreign Policy Review, January 1996.Garnaut, R., Australia and the Northeast Asian Ascendancy,AGPS, Canberra, 1990.McKinnon, M., Independence and Foreign Policy: New Zealand inthe world since 1935, Auckland University Press, Auckland,1993.Millar, T.B., Australia in War and Peace: external relations since1788 (Second Edition), Australian National University Press,Canberra, 1991.New Zealand, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade,New Zealand's Foreign and Trade Policy: Bilateral andRegional Relationships, http://www.mft.govt.nz/part2.html,1996.Research and Analysis, Directorate of Army Research andAnalysis, No. 11, December, 1996.Smith, G., Cox, D. and Burchill, S., Australia in the World: Anintroduction to Australian Foreign Policy, Oxford UniversityPress, Melbourne, 1996.Flight Lieutenant Madsen joined the RAAF in 1980 as an Air Defence Operator. He served in various operational roles, both inAustralia and Malaysia, before being commissioned as an Air Defence Officer in 1992. Upon graduation from Air DefenceController Basic course, he served at No 2 Control and Reporting Unit from 1993-1996. He graduated as a Fighter CombatController in 1997 prior to taking up his current duties as a Staff Officer at Headquarters No 41 Wing.Minister Launches Medals BookletA new booklet launched in Canberra recently will provide readers with an easy-to-read and understand guide toAustralia’s campaign and Operational Medals.The Minister for Veterans Affairs and Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence, Mr Bruce Scott, launched thebooklet Campaign and Operational Medals of the Australian Defence Force at the Australian War Memorial.The booklet contains colour illustrations, descriptions and the eligibility criteria for campaign and operational medals.“An important part of Australia’s history has been written on the many battlefields and in the many countries inwhich Australian Defence Force personnel have served,” Mr Scott said.Apart from the colour pictures of medals, the book provides plain language outlines of eligibility criteria for each ofthe awards.Operational Medals Awarded to the Australian Defence Force which was written by the Defence Staff Officer –Medals, Mr Ron Horton, is being distributed to Australian Defence Force units and Headquarters, MPs and Senators, theRSL and Sub-Branches and other veterans organisations.It may be bought by interested members of the public at the Australian War Memorial Bookshop – and AusInfo(formerly the Government Bookshop).
Page 1 and 2: NO. 136MAY/JUNE1999
Page 3 and 4: No. 136 May/June 1999Front CoverThe
Page 5 and 6: 3Letters to the EditorAirborne Forc
Page 7 and 8: What Has Gone WrongBy Captain M.A.J
Page 10 and 11: 8AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE JOURNAL N
Page 12 and 13: 10AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE JOURNAL
Page 14 and 15: Images from the Back Seat is a coll
Page 22 and 23: @@@@@@@@e?@@@@@@@@e?@@@@@@@@?e@@@@@
Page 24 and 25: THE FLIGHT OF THE PIGThe Flight of
Page 36 and 37: Australia Remembers records the act
Page 58: 56AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE JOURNAL

ISSUE 136 : May/Jun - 1999 - Australian Defence Force Journal

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?