persons running: They’ll have a hard time seeing each other’s faces. If one s<strong>to</strong>psbut the other is running, they can see each other somewhat, but not clearly. Ifthey’re both running, they’ll see each other even less clearly. For example, ifwe’re sitting or standing still and someone sneaks up, hits us over the head, andthen runs off, we’ll have a hard time catching him. In the same way, if we spinaround or get involved in the spinning of the world, we’ll have even less chanceof knowing or seeing anything. The Dhamma thus teaches us <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p spinningthe wheel of rebirth so that we can know the world clearly.When an airplane propeller or any bladed wheel is spinning, we can’t see howmany blades it has, what shape they are, or how fine they are. The faster it spins,the less we can see its shape. Only when it slows down or s<strong>to</strong>ps spinning can wesee clearly what shape it has. This is an analogy for the spinning of the currentsof the world—the outer world—and for our own spinning, we who live in theworld.The outer world means the earth in which we live. The world of fabricationsmeans ourself: our body and mind, which are separate things but have <strong>to</strong>depend on each other, just as the world and people, which are separate things,have <strong>to</strong> depend on each other. If we had a body but not a mind, we wouldn’t beable <strong>to</strong> accomplish anything. The same would be true if we had a mind without abody. So the mind is like a person dwelling in the world. The mind is thecraftsman; the body, its work of art. The mind is what creates the body. It’s whatcreates the world.The world is something broad and always spinning, something hard <strong>to</strong> seeclearly. This is why the Buddha teaches us <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p spinning after the world and <strong>to</strong>look only at ourself. That’s when we’ll be able <strong>to</strong> see the world. We ourself aresomething small—a fathom long, a span thick, a cubit wide—except that ourbelly is big. No matter how much we eat, we’re never full. We never haveenough. This stands for the greed of the mind, which causes us <strong>to</strong> suffer fromour lack of enough, our desires, our hunger.To see ourself or <strong>to</strong> see the world, the Buddha teaches us <strong>to</strong> survey ourselffrom the head <strong>to</strong> the feet, from the feet <strong>to</strong> the head, just as if we’re going <strong>to</strong> planta tree: We have <strong>to</strong> survey things from the ground on up <strong>to</strong> the tips of thebranches. The ground stands for the purity of our livelihood. We have <strong>to</strong>examine the ground <strong>to</strong> see if it has any termites or other pests that will destroythe roots of our tree. Then we have <strong>to</strong> add the right amount of fertilizer—not<strong>to</strong>o little, not <strong>to</strong>o much. We have <strong>to</strong> care for it correctly in line with its size. Forexample, how do we observe the five precepts so that they’re pure? How do weobserve the eight, the ten, and the 227 precepts so that they’re pure? What thingsshould we abstain from doing? What things should we do? This is called rightlivelihood.If we attend <strong>to</strong>o much <strong>to</strong> our physical pleasure, we tend not <strong>to</strong> give rise <strong>to</strong>virtue, like certain kinds of trees that are very healthy, with large branches andlush foliage, but tend not <strong>to</strong> bear fruit. If a person eats a lot and sleeps a lot, ifhe’s concerned only with matters of eating and sleeping, his body will be largeand hefty, like a tree with a large trunk, large branches, large leaves, but hardlyany fruit. We human beings—once our bodies are well-nourished with food—if23
24we then listen <strong>to</strong> a sermon or sit in meditation, tend <strong>to</strong> get drowsy because we’re<strong>to</strong>o well nourished. If we sit for a long time, we feel uncomfortable. If we listen<strong>to</strong> a sermon, we don’t know what’s being said, because we’re sleepy. This ruinsour chance <strong>to</strong> do good. People who are <strong>to</strong>o well nourished tend <strong>to</strong> get lazy,sloppy, and addicted <strong>to</strong> pleasure. If they sit in meditation, they tend <strong>to</strong> get numb,tired, and drowsy.This is why we’re taught <strong>to</strong> observe the eight uposatha precepts as a middlepath. We eat only during half of the day, only half full. That’s enough. This iscalled having a sense of moderation with regard <strong>to</strong> food. We don’t have <strong>to</strong> loadup or compensate for missing the evening meal. We eat just enough. ‘I abstainfrom eating at the wrong time’: After noon we don’t have <strong>to</strong> turn <strong>to</strong> anothermeal, so that the heart won’t turn after the world. This is like giving just enoughfertilizer <strong>to</strong> our tree.‘I abstain from dancing, singing and ornamenting the body’: The Buddhadoesn’t have us beautify the body with cosmetics and perfumes, or ornament itwith jewelry. This is like giving our tree just the right amount of water. Don’t letthe soil get water-logged. Otherwise the roots will rot. In other words, if we getattached <strong>to</strong> scents and <strong>to</strong> beauty of this sort, it’ll make us so infatuated that ourvirtue will suffer. This is like taking scraps of food and pouring them around thefoot of our tree. Dogs will come <strong>to</strong> trample over the tree, chickens will peck atthe leaves and flowers, and fire ants will eat in<strong>to</strong> the roots, causing our tree <strong>to</strong>wither or die. All sorts of complications will come <strong>to</strong> hassle us.‘I abstain from high and large beds’: When we lie down <strong>to</strong> sleep, the Buddhadoesn’t have us use soft mattresses or cushions that are <strong>to</strong>o comfortable, becauseif we have a lot of comfort we’ll sleep a lot and not want <strong>to</strong> get up <strong>to</strong> do good.The results of our concentration practice will be meager, and our laziness willgrow rampant. This is like caterpillars and worms that burrow throughout thesoil: They’ll keep whispering <strong>to</strong> us, teaching us all sorts of things until ultimatelythey tell us <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p doing good—and so we s<strong>to</strong>p. This is like insects crawling upfrom the ground and eating in<strong>to</strong> our tree, climbing higher and higher up untilthey reach the tip<strong>to</strong>p branches: the mind. Ultimately, when they eat the tips ofthe branches, the tree won’t bear flowers. When it has no flowers, it won’t bearfruit. In the same way, if we lack a sense of moderation in caring for ourself, wewon’t be practicing right livelihood. If we don’t have a proper sense of how <strong>to</strong>nourish and care for the body, our conduct will have <strong>to</strong> degenerate. But if wehave a proper sense of how <strong>to</strong> nourish and care for the body, our conduct willhave <strong>to</strong> develop in the direction of purity, and the mind will have <strong>to</strong> developalong with it, step by step.* * *The world has its highs and lows, its good and evil, and we’re just like theworld. Our body—no matter how much we care for it <strong>to</strong> make it strong andhealthy, beautiful and comfortable—will have <strong>to</strong> be good in some ways and <strong>to</strong>malfunction in others. What’s important is that we don’t let the mindmalfunction. Don’t let it go branching out after its various preoccupations. If welet the mind go around thinking good and evil in line with its preoccupations, it
- Page 2 and 3: Inner Strength&Parting GiftsTalks b
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- Page 8 and 9: have a sense of our own good and ba
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All four of these types of defileme
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76KnowledgeOctober 4, 1960Vijj›-c
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through not thinking. The first lev
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there’s too much evaluation, thou
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eally causing stress. These are nob
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84Wherever we go, people will be gl
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are the ones made of skin. The inne
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88ConsciousnessesIn all our activit
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Buddha tells us not to go joining i
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probably our enemies in past lives.
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consciousness is so slack and limp
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why we keep losing out to them. We
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98as, “That’s the consciousness
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100GlossaryI. TermsThe definitions
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102m›ra: The personification of d
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104sabbe satt› sad› hontuaver