think. The mind becomes more and more firm until all the hindrances (nıvara˚a)fall away. The mind no longer goes looking for concepts. Now it can give rise <strong>to</strong>knowledge.The knowledge here isn’t ordinary knowledge. It washes away your oldknowledge. You don’t want the knowledge that comes from ordinary thinkingand reasoning: Let go of it. You don’t want the knowledge that comes fromdirected thought and evaluation: S<strong>to</strong>p. Make the mind quiet. Still. When the mindis still and unhindered, this is the essence of all that’s meri<strong>to</strong>rious and skillful.When your mind is on this level, it isn’t attached <strong>to</strong> any concepts at all. All theconcepts you’ve known—dealing with the world or the Dhamma, howevermany or few—are washed away. Only when they’re washed away can newknowledge arise.This is why we’re taught not <strong>to</strong> hold on<strong>to</strong> concepts—all the labels and nameswe have for things. You have <strong>to</strong> let yourself be poor. It’s when people are poorthat they become ingenious and resourceful. If you don’t let yourself be poor,you’ll never gain discernment. In other words, you don’t have <strong>to</strong> be afraid ofbeing stupid or of missing out on things. You don’t have <strong>to</strong> be afraid that you’vehit a dead end. You don’t want any of the insights you’ve gained from listening<strong>to</strong> others or from reading books, because they’re concepts and thereforeinconstant. You don’t want any of the insights you’ve gained by reasoning andthinking, because they’re concepts and therefore not-self. Let all these insightsdisappear, leaving just the mind, firmly intent, leaning neither <strong>to</strong> the left, <strong>to</strong>wardself-affliction or being displeased; nor <strong>to</strong> the right, <strong>to</strong>ward sensual indulgence orbeing pleased. Keep the mind still, quiet, neutral, impassive—set tall. And thereyou are: right concentration.When right concentration arises in the mind, it has a shadow. When you cancatch sight of the shadow appearing, that’s vipassan›: insight meditation.Vipassan›-ñ›˚a is the first branch of knowledge and skill in the Buddha’steaching. The second branch is iddhividhı, the power of mind over matter. Thethird is manomayiddhi, the power of mind-made images. The fourth is dibbacakkhu,clairvoyance. The fifth is dibba-sota, clairaudience. The sixth is ce<strong>to</strong>pariyañ›˚a,the ability <strong>to</strong> read minds. The seventh is pubbeniv›s›nussati-ñ›˚a,knowledge of previous lifetimes. And the eighth: ›savakkhaya-ñ›˚a, knowledge ofthe ending of mental fermentations. All eight of these branches are forms ofknowledge and skill that arise from concentration. People without concentrationcan’t gain them: That’s an absolute guarantee. No matter how smart or cleverthey may be, they can’t gain these forms of knowledge. They have <strong>to</strong> fall underthe power of ignorance.These eight branches of knowledge come from right concentration. Whenthey arise they’re not called thoughts or ideas. They’re called right views. Whatlooks wrong <strong>to</strong> you is really wrong. What looks right is really right. If whatlooks right is really wrong, that’s wrong view. If what looks wrong is reallyright, again—wrong view. With right view, though, right looks right and wronglooks wrong.To put it in terms of cause and effect, you see the four noble truths. You seestress, and it really is stressful. You see the cause of stress arising, and that it’s81
eally causing stress. These are noble truths: absolutely, undeniably, indisputablytrue. You see that stress has a cause. Once the cause arises, there has <strong>to</strong> be stress.As for the way <strong>to</strong> the disbanding of stress, you see that the path you’re followingwill, without a doubt, lead <strong>to</strong> nibb›na. Whether or not you go all the way, whatyou see is correct. This is right view. And as for the disbanding of stress, you seethat there really is such a thing. You see that as long as you’re on the path, stressdoes in fact fall away. When you come <strong>to</strong> realize the truth of these things in yourheart, that’s vipassan›-ñ›˚a.To put it even more simply: You see that all things, inside as well as out, areundependable. The body is undependable, aging is undependable, death isundependable. They’re slippery characters, constantly changing on you. To seethis is <strong>to</strong> see inconstancy. Don’t let yourself be pleased by inconstancy. Don’t letyourself be upset. Keep the mind neutral, on an even keel. That’s what’s meantby vipassan›.Sometimes inconstancy makes us happy, sometimes it makes us sad. Say wehear that a person we don’t like is going <strong>to</strong> be demoted, or is sick or dying. Itmakes us gleeful, and we can’t wait for him or her <strong>to</strong> die. His body isimpermanent, his life is uncertain—it can change—but we’re glad. That’s adefilement. Say we hear that a son or daughter has become wealthy, influential,and famous, and we become happy. Again, our mind has strayed from the noblepath. It’s not firmly in right concentration. We have <strong>to</strong> make the mind neutral:not thrilled over things, not upset over things, not thrilled when our planssucceed, not upset when they don’t. When we can make the mind neutral likethis, that’s the neutrality of right view. We see what’s wrong, what’s right, andtry <strong>to</strong> steer the mind away from the wrong and <strong>to</strong>ward the right. This is calledright resolve, part of vipassan›-ñ›˚a.The same holds true with stress, whether it’s our stress and pain, orsomebody else’s. Say we hear that an enemy is suffering. ‘Glad <strong>to</strong> hear it,’ wethink. ‘Hope they hurry up and die.’ The heart has tilted. Say we hear that afriend has become wealthy, and we become happy; or a son or daughter is ill,and we become sad. Our mind has fallen in with suffering and stress. Why?Because we don’t have any knowledge. We’re unskilled. The mind isn’t centered.In other words, it’s not in right concentration. We have <strong>to</strong> look after the mind.Don’t let it fall in with stress. Whatever suffers, let it suffer, but don’t let the mindsuffer with it. The people in the world may be pained, but the mind isn’t painedalong with them. Pain may arise in the body, but the mind isn’t pained alongwith it. Let the body go ahead and suffer, but the mind doesn’t suffer. Keep themind neutral. Don’t be pleased by pleasure, either—pleasure is a form of stress,you know. How so? It can change. It can rise and fall. It can be high and low. Itcan’t last. That’s stress. Pain is also stress: double stress. When you gain this sor<strong>to</strong>f insight in<strong>to</strong> stress—when you really see stress—vipassan› has arisen in themind.As for anatt›, not-self: Once we’ve examined things and seen them for whatthey really are, we don’t make claims, we don’t display influence, we don’t try <strong>to</strong>show that we have the right or the power <strong>to</strong> bring things that are not-self underour control. No matter how hard we try, we can’t prevent birth, aging, illness,82
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9A Mind of Pure GoldJuly, 1958The m
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persons running: They’ll have a h
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Stick with whichever way of breathi
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