Acta Technica Corviniensis

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ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – BULLETIN of ENGINEERINGalso some new protected areas of nationalimportance. Serbia has a small part of theCarpathians, with one national park alreadydesignated. Ukraine took over the PA system,which had been established before 1990. Ingeneral, the existing PAs have very low levels offinancial and political support for protectionand management activities, and the cooperationbetween existing trans-boundary protected areasis low.Within these core areas large tracks of oldgrowthforests are still present. More than 900smaller protected areas are also contributing tothe maintenance of rare species and ecosystems.Table 1: Protected Areas in the Carpathians – datacollected by WWFD DCP, 2007CountryNo of PAs 1Total area(ha)Legalresponsibilityfor PAType ofmanagementauthorityRomaniaSlovakia6494817,720 644,942Ministry ofEnvironmentand WaterManagementMinistry ofEnvironment/State NatureConservancyNational ForestAuthority,NGOs, localauthorities,universities,private personsForestauthority;Forest ownersand users;NGOsUkraine77355,880Ministry ofEnvironmentand NaturalResourcesState Agencyfor ProtectedAreasPoland21536,496Ministry ofEnvironmentNational Park,State ForestAdministration,Local ForestryofficesFigure 6: Protected Areas in the Carpathians, 2007In Romania the distribution of protected areasestablished at the national level reflects very wellthat most of the natural values of the countryare concentrated in the Carpathian Mountains.Most of the large areas that qualify as wilderness,natural or high biodiversity areas in theRomanian Carpathian Mountains are includedin national and nature parks. The 14 nationalparks, equivalent of IUCN category II protectedareas have core areas defined in the legislationas “integral protection zones” where the use ofnatural resources or any other human activities,except visitor access, are forbidden. Some of thealpine and subalpine pastures is being used bylocal communities for grazing to continuetraditional activities that contribute also to themaintenance of some specific biodiversity. Areasranging from a few thousand to 30 – 40thousand hectares of forests or forest landscapesare still very well preserved in theses nationalparks, with little or no human activities allowed.HungaryCzechRepublicSerbia andMontenegroTotal13 1512852,785,300 62,943 205,832 161,487Ministry ofEnvironmentMinistry ofEnvironmentMinistry ofScience andEnvironmentalProtection ofthe Republic ofSerbiaNational ParkDirectoratesAdministrationof ProtectedAreasPublicEnterprises(mostly), NGOsapproved bythe Institute forNatureConservation ofSerbia182008/ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS/Tome I
ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – BULLETIN of ENGINEERINGareas (green) and critical areas for a functionalecological network are presented below. Pleasenote that this map (Figure 8) and the onepresented in Figure 5 and 10 are draft maps ofthe Development of Ecological NetworksProject, subject to improvement in the comingweeks.Figure 7 Map of Romanian Protected Areas at thenational level, Ministry of Environment andSustainable Development, 2007. Yellow: National andnature parks (IUCN category II and V) and biospherereserves; Red: reserves and natural monuments(IUCN categories I, III and IV)FIRST STEPS TOWARDS ESTABLISHINGCORRIDORS AND A LARGE SCALE PROTECTEDAREA IN THE CARPATHIANSEven if protected areas are considered the mostefficient tool for nature protection, they are notyet covering all critical areas for biodiversity andlandscape conservation and, maybe moreimportantly, are not yet established as a realnetwork. Sometimes protected areas are toosmall to allow enough room for naturalprocesses and adaptation to new challenges, likeclimate change.A recent analysis carried out to establish criticalareas for an ecological corridor in theCarpathians. The study developed within theDevelopment of a Carpathian EcologicalNetwork Project is in an advance stage forRomania, Ukraine and Serbia and just started forSlovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland. Theproject covering Romania, Ukraine and Serbia isimplemented by the Carpathian EcoregionInitiative (CERI) Alterra, Bio/consult Ltd., theDaphne Institute of Applied Ecology, theEuropean Centre for Nature Conservation(ECNC) and WWF-DCPO with financial supportfrom the Dutch BBI-Matra programme. Criticalgaps have been identified for biodiversityconservation, but also important areas that arealready under some kind of protection andcould easily become large refuges for wildlife. Apreliminary map showing existing protectedFig. 8. Preliminary map of critical areas forbiodiversity and protected area coverage in Romania,Ukraine and Serbia, source Development of aCarpathian Ecological Network Project, 2009The map shows an amazing corridor ofprotected areas in the Southern Carpathians,stretching almost from the Prahova Valley toDjerdap National Park in Serbia.If we consider only the protected areas ofnational interest, i.e. the national and natureparks (IUCN management categories II and V),the corridor is obvious only in the South-Western part of the Carpathians. The valuablebiodiversity and landscapes have a good legalprotection offered by the complex of 8 nationaland nature parks: Retezat, Domogled ValeaCernei and Cheile Nerei - Beusnita, Semenic -Cheile Carasului, Defileul Jiului national parks,Portile de Fier, Gradistea Muncelului -Cioclovina Nature Parks, Tara Hategului andPlatoul Mehedinti Geoparks. With more than2008/ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS/Tome I 19
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