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Chapter 3: Fundamental concepts 44 3.2 Voices contain music Singers need voices to sing, and so does LilyPond. The actual music for all instruments in a score is contained in Voices – the most fundamental of all LilyPond’s concepts. 3.2.1 I’m hearing Voices The lowest, most fundamental or innermost layers in a LilyPond score are called ‘Voice contexts’ or just ‘Voices’ for short. Voices are sometimes called ‘layers’ in other notation packages. In fact, a Voice layer or context is the only one which can contain music. If a Voice context is not explicitly declared one is created automatically, as we saw at the beginning of this chapter. Some instruments such as an Oboe can play only one note at a time. Music written for such instruments is monophonic and requires just a single voice. Instruments which can play more than one note at a time like the piano will often require multiple voices to encode the different concurrent notes and rhythms they are capable of playing. A single voice can contain many notes in a chord, of course, so when exactly are multiple voices needed? Look first at this example of four chords: \key g \major 4
Chapter 3: Fundamental concepts 45 \key d \minor % Voice "1" Voice "2" > | > | > | � � � � � � � � � �� It is not necessary to use a separate > construct for each bar. For music with few notes in each bar this layout can help the legibility of the code, but if there are many notes in each bar it may be better to split out each voice separately, like this: \key d \minor > � � � �� This example has just two voices, but the same construct may be used to encode three or more voices by adding more back-slash separators. The Voice contexts bear the names "1", "2", etc. In each of these contexts, the vertical direction of slurs, stems, ties, dynamics etc., is set appropriately. \new Staff \relative c' { % Main voice c16 d e f % Voice "1" Voice "2" Voice "3" > | > | } � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� These voices are all separate from the main voice that contains the notes just outside the > construct. Let’s call this the simultaneous construct. Slurs and ties may only connect notes within the same voice, so slurs and ties cannot go into or out of a simultaneous construct. � �
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Appendix A: Templates 157 } \score
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Appendix A: Templates 167 \voiceOne
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Appendix A: Templates 169 } >> \lay
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Appendix C: GNU Free Documentation
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Appendix D: LilyPond index 183 \sto
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mpdolce - LilyPond

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