Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive

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<strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, DivingFatalities and Project Dive ExplorationThe DAN Annual Review of Recreational Scuba Diving Injuries and Fatalities.Based on 2003 Data. 2005 Edition by Divers Alert Network.Table of ContentsSection Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PageAcknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2DAN — Your Dive Safety Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 Project Dive Exploration (PDE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223 Dive Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454 Dive Fatalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .675 Injury, Fatality and PDE Population Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . .846 Breath-Hold Diving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91AppendicesA Dive Injury Case <strong>Report</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99B Dive Fatality Case <strong>Report</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107C Breath-Hold Incident Case <strong>Report</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132Injuries and Fatalities by Regionand State in 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136Publications in 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137DAN <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2005 Edition(Based on 2003 Data)© 2005 Divers Alert Network. ISBN 0-9673066-7-1.Permission to reproduce this document, entirely or in part, is granted provided proper credit is given to Divers Alert Network.Cover Dive Photo by Jesse Cancelmo.<strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive ExplorationThe DAN Annual Review of Recreational Scuba Diving Injuries and FatalitiesBased on 2003 Data. 2005 Edition by Divers Alert NetworkDAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2004 Edition 1
AcknowledgmentsData for the 2005 <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration have been collected and assembled byDAN employees and associated staff. DAN wishes to recognize the following people and departments for their important contributions:Authors Richard D. Vann, Ph.D., CHT John J. Freiberger, M.D., MPH James L. Caruso, M.D..Petar J. Denoble, M.D., D.Sc. Neal W. Pollock, Ph.D. Donna M. Uguccioni, M.S.Joel A. Dovenbarger, B.S.N.ContributorsDAN MedicineDaniel A. Nord, BFA, EMT-P, CHTDan Kinkade, M.S., NREMT-PJon M. Rogers, Jr., CHT, DMT-A, NREMTJane Foley, B.A.DAN ResearchJulie EllisLisa Li, B.S.Jeanette MooreDAN CommunicationsRenée Duncan, B.A.Rick MelvinWesley Hyatt, B.A.Dan LeighReviewersMichael Curley, Ph.D.Peter B. Bennett, Ph.D., D.Sc.Steve Barnett, B.A.Eric Douglas, EMT-B, DMT-BCindi Easterling, M.Ed.David Lawler, EMT-BBrian Merritt, M.Ed.Jeff Myers, B.A.Betty Orr, M.S.Dan Orr, M.S.Daniel A. Nord, BFA, EMT-P, CHTDAN America wishes to thank all of the individuals involved in the worldwide diving safety network. This network includes manyhyperbaric physicians, DAN on-call staff, nurses and technicians from the network of chambers who complete DAN reporting forms.DAN also wishes to thank the local sheriff, police, emergency medical personnel, U.S. Coast Guard, medical examiners and coroners whosubmitted information on scuba fatalities and injuries in U.S. and Canadian citizens.DAN Senior Medical Staff& ReviewersGuy de L. Dear, M.B., FRCARichard Moon, M.D.Bryant Stolp, M.D., Ph.D.DAN Emergency On-Call Staff and Volunteer PhysiciansJoel Dovenbarger, BSNDaniel A. Nord, BFA, EMT-P, CHTJon M. Rogers, Jr., CHT, DMT-A, NREMTDan Kinkade, M.S., NREMT-PLaurie Gowen, NREMT,DMTProject Dive Exploration Dive Profile Collection for 2003 (collectors and number of dives)DATA COLLECTION CENTERSNekton Rorqual (Caribbean) 6,303Nekton Pilot 6,492DAN INTERNS(Summer 2003)Ross Davenport 976Lindsay Fair 545Matthew Hall 1,293Matthew Holzmann 269Alecia Kozbial 1,097Kathleen Murray 293Sally Slaughter 1,425Alexander Tanz 769RECREATIONAL DIVEPROFESSIONALS PROJECTCOZUMEL, MEXICOMateo Guiterrez 273Roberto CastilloCAYMAN ISLANDSParticipating Dive Retailers:Brac Reef DiversCayman Diving LodgeDive Tech & Cobalt CoastDon FosterEden RockFisheyeLittle Cayman Beach Resort / Reef DiversTortuga DiversBrazilAtlantis Divers 1,865INDEPENDENT FRCSTotal Dives Collected: 2,456Dave McKay Brian BasuraJurgen Galicia Robert Eichholtz, Jr.Elbert Wilcher III Daniel HartmanDavid Cowan Evelyn JoppaDarrell SealeRobert RydgigDavid GrendaAndrew MalbinDavid ColvardJeffrey WatkinsRaymond AlbersColin ZylkaRobert ConwayScott CookSergio ViegasLinda FinchBarry HummelHank EllisPeter SiclaireAlbert RosenbergMitchell LigenzaJames EagerGeorge RusselJean-PhilippeRougier2DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2004 Edition
Page 4 and 5: DAN Regions and Regional Coordinato
Page 6 and 7: DAN - Your DiveSafety AssociationDA
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Page 14 and 15: DAN - Your Dive Safety AssociationA
Page 16 and 17: DAN - Your Dive Safety AssociationD
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Page 20 and 21: 1. INTRODUCTIONDivers Alert Network
Page 22 and 23: Section 1. Introduction1.3 Diving F
Page 24 and 25: 2.2 PDE 2003This report includes da
Page 26 and 27: Section 2 - Project Dive Exploratio
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2.4-2 describes the breathin
Page 34 and 35: Figures 2.5-2 and 2.5-3 indicate th
Page 36 and 37: Towards the end of the series, PDE
Page 44 and 45: Case #2The diver was a 29-year-old
Page 46 and 47: 3. Dive InjuriesSection 3 - Dive In
Page 48 and 49: Section 3 - Dive InjuriesFigure 3.1
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Section 3 - Dive Injuries3.3 Physic
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Section 3 - Dive Injuries3.4 Charac
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Section 3 - Dive InjuriesDays in Di
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Section 3 - Dive InjuriesFigure 3.5
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Section 3 - Dive InjuriesCase (diag
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4. Dive FatalitiesDeath while divin
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Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesFigure 4
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Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesOur data
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Section 4 - Dive Fatalities4.4-1Dis
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Figure 4.4-2Report
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Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesConclusi
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Figure 5.1-2 shows the proportion o
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Figure 5.1-6 shows a comparison of
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Figures 5.2-3 and 5.2-4 show how th
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6. Breath-HoldingIncidents6.1 Intro
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Section 6 - Breath-Holding Incident
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Appendix A: Dive Injury Case <stron
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Appendix A: Injury Case Rep
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Appendix B: Dive Fatality Case <str
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Appendix B: Fatality Case R
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Appendix C: Breath-Hold IncidentCas
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Appendix C: Breath-Holding Incident
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Glossarymatical models to compute d
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GlossaryRepresentative SampleA grou
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2004 Publications2004 PublicationsR
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NotesDAN’s Report</strong
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The only 24-hour, worldwide dive em
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