Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive

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Section 2 - Project Dive Exploration (PDE)Figure 2.6-4Subjectivethermal statusof divers duringdive.SubgroupThermal Cold-Water RecreationalComfort Liveaboard Beach and and Wreck DiveDay Boat Diving ProfessionalsComfortable 78.8 74.3 64.8 37.5Cold 4.2 9.2 14.5 5.3Very Cold 0.2 2.0 0.9 0.0Warm 9.9 7.1 18.5 4.7Not <strong>Report</strong>ed 7.0 7.4 1.3 52.4Table 2.6-4<strong>Report</strong>edthermal comfortin four PDEsubgroups(percent of dives).2.7 Altitude Exposure After DivingExposure to altitude higher than 700 feet (210 meters) soon afterdiving is considered an additional decompression that may provokeDCS in some divers who otherwise would not be affected. Atthe time when the PDE study was designed there were few dataregarding the post-dive time that a diver should wait before safelyascending to an altitude. That was the reason that PDE requestsdivers to report altitude exposure within 48 hours post-dive.DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2005 Edition 39
Section 2 - Project Dive Exploration (PDE)In the 2003 PDE dataset, 766 (29 percent) divers reported exposureto altitude within 48 hours post-dive (Figure 2.7-1). Most exposuresoccurred in commercial airliners that are required by law tomaintain a cabin pressure equivalent to not more than 8,000 feetabove sea level (2,439m; approximately three-quarters of theatmospheric pressure at sea level). Flying in non-pressurizedfixed-wing aircraft or helicopters after diving was uncommon. Ofthe divers who flew on commercial airlines within 48 hours postdive,21 percent waited less than 24 hours, and less than 1 percent(eight divers) flew less than 12 hours post-dive.Figure 2.7-1Percentageof the PDEsample reportingaltitude exposureafter dive series.2.8 OutcomesPDE divers were asked to report signs and symptoms after divingbefore leaving the dive site. They were also asked to submit a 48-hour report form to confirm or deny the presence or absence ofsigns or symptoms within 48 hours of the last dive. If a diverreported signs or symptoms in the 48-hour report, DAN followedup to gather details necessary to classify the outcome. Four possiblemedical classifications were employed: (a) uneventful (signs orsymptoms denied); (b) an incident (a report of a procedural or anequipment problem that is potentially dangerous event but did notresult with an injury); (c) an injury considered unrelated to DCI;and (d) DCI (DCS or AGE).40DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2005 Edition
Page 2 and 3: Report on Decompre
Page 4 and 5: DAN Regions and Regional Coordinato
Page 6 and 7: DAN - Your DiveSafety AssociationDA
Page 8 and 9: DAN - Your Dive Safety AssociationD
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Page 14 and 15: DAN - Your Dive Safety AssociationA
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Page 20 and 21: 1. INTRODUCTIONDivers Alert Network
Page 22 and 23: Section 1. Introduction1.3 Diving F
Page 24 and 25: 2.2 PDE 2003This report includes da
Page 26 and 27: Section 2 - Project Dive Exploratio
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2.4-2 describes the breathin
Page 34 and 35: Figures 2.5-2 and 2.5-3 indicate th
Page 36 and 37: Towards the end of the series, PDE
Page 44 and 45: Case #2The diver was a 29-year-old
Page 46 and 47: 3. Dive InjuriesSection 3 - Dive In
Page 48 and 49: Section 3 - Dive InjuriesFigure 3.1
Page 50 and 51: Section 3 - Dive Injuriesmost sever
Page 52 and 53: Section 3 - Dive Injuries3.3 Physic
Page 54 and 55: Section 3 - Dive Injuries3.4 Charac
Page 56 and 57: Section 3 - Dive InjuriesDays in Di
Page 66 and 67: Section 3 - Dive InjuriesCase (diag
Page 68 and 69: 4. Dive FatalitiesDeath while divin
Page 70 and 71: Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesFigure 4
Page 74 and 75: Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesOur data
Page 80 and 81: Section 4 - Dive Fatalities4.4-1Dis
Page 82 and 83: Figure 4.4-2Report
Page 84 and 85: Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesConclusi
Page 86 and 87: Figure 5.1-2 shows the proportion o
Page 88 and 89: Figure 5.1-6 shows a comparison of
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Figures 5.2-3 and 5.2-4 show how th
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6. Breath-HoldingIncidents6.1 Intro
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Section 6 - Breath-Holding Incident
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Appendix A: Dive Injury Case <stron
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Appendix A: Injury Case Rep
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Appendix B: Dive Fatality Case <str
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Appendix B: Fatality Case R
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Appendix C: Breath-Hold IncidentCas
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Appendix C: Breath-Holding Incident
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Glossarymatical models to compute d
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GlossaryRepresentative SampleA grou
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2004 Publications2004 PublicationsR
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NotesDAN’s Report</strong
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The only 24-hour, worldwide dive em
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