Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive

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Section 3 - Dive InjuriesFigure 3.1-2Distribution of casesby reported diagnosis(n=297).As previously stated, all DAN injury cases are reviewed for inconsistenciesin their original classification. Reclassification is based onthe treating physician’s comments and the scheme shown on page65. The reclassification scheme used is the same as was used in previousyears. Figure 3.1-3 shows the distribution of all treated casesby reclassified diagnosis.Figure 3.1-3Distributionof Cases byReclassifiedDiagnosis (n=297).DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2005 Edition 47
Section 3 - Dive InjuriesTable 3.1-4Perceived SeverityIndex (PSI).Perceived Severity Index (PSI)The Perceived Severity Index (PSI) was introduced in the 2002report and is continued in this year. This classification system isbased on the perceived severity of symptoms associated withd e c o m p ression illness, according to DAN physicians andresearchers. The PSI categories are listed in Table 3.1-4 in order ofdecreasing severity: a) Serious Neurological; b) Cardiopulmonary;c) Mild Neurological; d) Pain; e) Lymphatic or Skin; and d)Constitutional or Nonspecific. The categories are hierarchical in theorder listed. This means, for example, that a case categorized forserious neurological symptoms could also have pain, but that a casecategorized for pain could not have serious neurological manifestations.Perceived Severity Index<strong>Report</strong>ed Signs or Symptoms1. Serious Neurological bladder or bowel dysfunctionaltered coordination, difficulty walking, gaitaltered consciousnessaltered hearing, tinnitus, vertigodifficulty talking, altered mental status, memory, mood,orientation or personalityaltered reflexesweakness, partial weakness involving one side of the body,motor weakness, paraplegia, muscular weakness,decreased strengthaltered vision2. Card i o p u l m o n a r y c a rdiovascular irregularities, irregular heartbeats, palpitationspulmonary i r re g u l a r i t i e s, cough, coughing up blood fromlungs, shortness of breath, respiratory distress, voice change3. Mild Neurological paresthesia, numbness, numbness & tingling,tingling, sensation, twitching4. Pain pain, ache, cramps, discomfort, joint pain,pressure, sharp pain, spasm, stiffness5. Lymphatic / Skin lymphatic irregularities, swelling6. Constitutional / Non-Specific dizzinessskin irregularities, burning of skin, itching, marbling, rashfatigueheadachenausea and/or vomitingchills, perspiration, heaviness, heavy head,lightheadedness, malaise, restlessnessThe distribution of cases by PSI is shown in Figure 3.1-4. Casesfalling into the PSI category of mild neurological were most commonin our sample. The next most common category included caseswith serious neurological symptoms; however, it should be notedthat the definition of serious neurological symptoms is quite broad.Pain-only symptoms represented approximately 20 percent of oursample. Again, it should be remembered the categories are hierarchical,and use of the PSI requires that the case be categorized by the48DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2005 Edition
Page 2 and 3: Report on Decompre
Page 4 and 5: DAN Regions and Regional Coordinato
Page 6 and 7: DAN - Your DiveSafety AssociationDA
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Page 20 and 21: 1. INTRODUCTIONDivers Alert Network
Page 22 and 23: Section 1. Introduction1.3 Diving F
Page 24 and 25: 2.2 PDE 2003This report includes da
Page 26 and 27: Section 2 - Project Dive Exploratio
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2.4-2 describes the breathin
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Page 36 and 37: Towards the end of the series, PDE
Page 44 and 45: Case #2The diver was a 29-year-old
Page 46 and 47: 3. Dive InjuriesSection 3 - Dive In
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Page 52 and 53: Section 3 - Dive Injuries3.3 Physic
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Page 56 and 57: Section 3 - Dive InjuriesDays in Di
Page 58 and 59: Section 3 - Dive InjuriesFigure 3.5
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Page 68 and 69: 4. Dive FatalitiesDeath while divin
Page 70 and 71: Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesFigure 4
Page 74 and 75: Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesOur data
Page 80 and 81: Section 4 - Dive Fatalities4.4-1Dis
Page 82 and 83: Figure 4.4-2Report
Page 84 and 85: Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesConclusi
Page 86 and 87: Figure 5.1-2 shows the proportion o
Page 88 and 89: Figure 5.1-6 shows a comparison of
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Page 92 and 93: 6. Breath-HoldingIncidents6.1 Intro
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Section 6 - Breath-Holding Incident
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Appendix A: Dive Injury Case <stron
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Appendix A: Injury Case Rep
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Appendix B: Dive Fatality Case <str
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Appendix B: Fatality Case R
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Appendix C: Breath-Hold IncidentCas
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Appendix C: Breath-Holding Incident
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Glossarymatical models to compute d
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GlossaryRepresentative SampleA grou
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2004 Publications2004 PublicationsR
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NotesDAN’s Report</strong
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The only 24-hour, worldwide dive em
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Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive

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