Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesFigure 4.1-2 shows the distribution of cases by international regions.Most fatalities occurred in the Caribbean (15 percent, n=13).However, the number is relatively small in comparison to 144injuries (49 percent of all injuries in this report) that occurred in thesame region.Figure 4.1-2Geographiclocations wherethe fatalitiesoccurred.4.2 Characteristics of Divers Who DiedThe age distribution for dive fatality victims is shown in Figure 4.2-1. Seventy percent of deceased divers were 40 years or older, both inmales and females. The age range for females was from 21 to 75years of age, with a median of 45 years. The range in males wasfrom 18 to 79 years of age, with a median of 47 years.Figure 4.2-1.Distributionof fatalitiesby age andgender.DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2005 Edition 69
Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesAge per se may not be a risk factor for diving accidents but aging isassociated with increasing prevalence of chronic and degenerativediseases that may constitute risk factors for death during a dive. Thepast medical history was available in 57 cases (64 percent). In 51 percentof cases with available data (n=29), there was no indication ofany health problem. The most frequently reported medical conditionwas high blood pressure (16 percent, n=9). Heart disease wasimplicated by drug history in five (9 percent), diabetes in one andasthma in one case. Among 10 cases with other conditions, fourwere using antidepressants, two were treated for cancer in the past,one suffered sleep apnea and others had some minor allergy, pain ormotion sickness. Smoking history was known for 53 cases. Amongthem there were three known smokers and seven ex-smokers.Medical examiners have reported many conditions that the decedentmay or may not have been aware of. Some of these conditionsmay have contributed to their deaths (heart conditions that maycause arrhythmia, lung emphysema, lung blebs).Figure 4.2-2 shows the level of obesity in the fatality populationaccording to the standard body mass index (BMI). The BMI is aderived value that evaluates the relationship between subject heightand weight. As the BMI increases, except in the case of well-conditionedathletes with increased muscle mass, the level of obesityincreases. Data were available for 61 fatalities. Twenty-six percent ofvictims were classified as appropriate or normal weight, and 33 percentwere classified as overweight. A total of 41 percent of divers inthis sample were considered obese, ranging from a Grade 1 toextreme obesity, according to the U.S. National Heart, Lung andBlood Institute scale (1998).Obesity is often associated with poor exercise tolerance, heart diseaseand diabetes.Figure 4.2-2.Classificationof fatalitiesaccording toUS National Heart,Lung and BloodInstitute Scale.70DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2005 Edition
Page 2 and 3:
Report on Decompre
Page 4 and 5:
DAN Regions and Regional Coordinato
Page 6 and 7:
DAN - Your DiveSafety AssociationDA
Page 8 and 9:
DAN - Your Dive Safety AssociationD
Page 10 and 11:
DAN - Your Dive Safety AssociationW
Page 12 and 13:
DAN - Your Dive Safety AssociationS
Page 14 and 15:
DAN - Your Dive Safety AssociationA
Page 16 and 17:
DAN - Your Dive Safety AssociationD
Page 18 and 19:
DAN - Your Dive Safety AssociationT
Page 20 and 21: 1. INTRODUCTIONDivers Alert Network
Page 22 and 23: Section 1. Introduction1.3 Diving F
Page 24 and 25: 2.2 PDE 2003This report includes da
Page 26 and 27: Section 2 - Project Dive Exploratio
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2.4-2 describes the breathin
Page 34 and 35: Figures 2.5-2 and 2.5-3 indicate th
Page 36 and 37: Towards the end of the series, PDE
Page 44 and 45: Case #2The diver was a 29-year-old
Page 46 and 47: 3. Dive InjuriesSection 3 - Dive In
Page 48 and 49: Section 3 - Dive InjuriesFigure 3.1
Page 50 and 51: Section 3 - Dive Injuriesmost sever
Page 52 and 53: Section 3 - Dive Injuries3.3 Physic
Page 54 and 55: Section 3 - Dive Injuries3.4 Charac
Page 56 and 57: Section 3 - Dive InjuriesDays in Di
Page 66 and 67: Section 3 - Dive InjuriesCase (diag
Page 68 and 69: 4. Dive FatalitiesDeath while divin
Page 72 and 73: Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesFigure 4
Page 74 and 75: Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesOur data
Page 80 and 81: Section 4 - Dive Fatalities4.4-1Dis
Page 82 and 83: Figure 4.4-2Report
Page 84 and 85: Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesConclusi
Page 86 and 87: Figure 5.1-2 shows the proportion o
Page 88 and 89: Figure 5.1-6 shows a comparison of
Page 90 and 91: Figures 5.2-3 and 5.2-4 show how th
Page 92 and 93: 6. Breath-HoldingIncidents6.1 Intro
Page 94 and 95: Section 6 - Breath-Holding Incident
Page 100 and 101: Appendix A: Dive Injury Case <stron
Page 102 and 103: Appendix A: Injury Case Rep
Page 108 and 109: Appendix B: Dive Fatality Case <str
Page 110 and 111: Appendix B: Fatality Case R
Page 120 and 121:
Appendix B: Fatality Case R
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Appendix C: Breath-Hold IncidentCas
Page 132 and 133:
Appendix C: Breath-Holding Incident
Page 134 and 135:
Glossarymatical models to compute d
Page 136 and 137:
GlossaryRepresentative SampleA grou
Page 138 and 139:
2004 Publications2004 PublicationsR
Page 140 and 141:
NotesDAN’s Report</strong
Page 142:
The only 24-hour, worldwide dive em
show all

Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?