Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive

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DAN – Your Dive Safety AssociationDAN Diver Health and Safety ResearchDAN Research is dedicated to the study of diver health issues.Experimental research projects such as the U.S. Navy Flying After Divingstudy and development of the DAN Remote Emergency Medical Oxygensystem are conducted in the hyperbaric chambers of the Center forHyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology at Duke UniversityHealth Systems (formerly F.G. Hall Laboratory).Field research projects, such as Project Dive Exploration (PDE) and theRecreational Dive Professionals Study, are conducted at dive locations allover the world. DAN projects are privately funded through DAN membership,dive industry support and private grants.For more information on any of the DAN Research Projects or to participate,please call DAN Research at 1-800-446-2671, +1-919-684-2948 ext. 260or visit the DAN website at www.DiversAlertNetwork.org.The Annual Diving <strong>Report</strong>The annual diving report is based on data from diving injuries, fatalitiesand Project Dive Exploration (PDE) dive data. DAN Medicine andResearch have published the annual diving report since 1987. Initially, itwas a report on injuries and fatalities only. It now includes the dive profilesfrom PDE, in which injuries are rare. The report has shifted focus overthe last few years to include more comparison between the three differentpopulations of injury, fatality and PDE divers. As more data become availablefrom all three sources, a comparative analysis will investigate riskfactors for diving injuries and fatalities.The Diabetes andDiving Project wasstarted to determinethe relative safety ofpersons diving withinsulin-requiringdiabetes.The original purpose of the report — describing the demographics of thecases and providing case summaries — will continue to be important. Thereport has also grown to include nitrox and mixed-gas diving injuries anddeaths, because these gases have increased in use in the recreational populationover the past few years. Copies of current fatality, injury and diveincident reports are available through DAN Research at 1-800-446-2671 or+1-919-684-2948 ext. 260. Diving <strong>Report</strong>s from 2001-2004 are available onthe DAN website (www.DiversAlertNetwork.org) at no cost to DANmembers and have been downloaded by more than 150,000 visitors to thesite. Printed copies are available for purchase to both members and nonmembers.Diabetes and Diving ProjectDAN's project to determine the relative safety of divers with insulinrequiringdiabetes was completed in 2001, and a scientific paper was publishedin the Undersea Hyperbaric Medical Journal (see references). In2005, Research will also publish the results in an Alert Diver article. OnJune 19, 2005, DAN and the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society(UHMS) will hold a joint workshop on diabetes and diving during theannual UHMS scientific meeting. Interested parties from the diabetes anddiving field will be invited to present their research and participate in adiscussion about the future of diabetes and diving.DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2005 Edition 7
DAN – Your Dive Safety AssociationProject DiveExploration (PDE)uses recording divecomputers to collectinformation aboutthe depth-timeprofiles of volunteerrecreational divers.Flying After Diving (FAD) StudyIn 1999, DAN completed the first phase of a study of flying after scubadiving. This was part of an effort to investigate what surface intervals afterdiving were safe prior to flying aboard a commercial airliner. In May 2002,DAN hosted the FAD workshop, which included representatives from therecreational diving industry and government diving agencies. The workshopreviewed all available data on flying after diving and agreed uponrevised flying after diving guidelines for recreational diving that were firstpublished in the November / December 2002 issue of Alert Diver. The fullworkshop proceedings were published in 2004 as a DAN <strong>Report</strong> and areavailable for purchase from DAN (ISBN # 0-9673066-4-7).A second flying after diving study, funded by the U.S. Navy, began in May2002. This study is investigating shorter and longer dive profiles that hadnot previously been tested.2002 Consensus Guidelines for Flying AfterRecreational DivingThe following guidelines are the consensus of attendees at the 2002 FlyingAfter Diving Workshop. They apply to air dives followed by flights atcabin altitudes of 2,000 to 8,000 feet (610 to 2,438 meters) for divers whodo not have symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS). The recommendedpreflight surface intervals do not guarantee avoidance of DCS.Longer surface intervals will reduce DCS risk further.For a single no-decompression dive, a minimum preflight surface intervalof 12 hours is suggested.For multiple dives per day or multiple days of diving, a minimum preflightsurface interval of 18 hours is suggested.For dives requiring decompression stops, there is little evidence on whichto base a recommendation, and a preflight surface interval substantiallylonger than 18 hours appears prudent.Project Dive ExplorationProject Dive Exploration (PDE) uses recording dive computers to collectinformation about the depth-time profiles of volunteer recreational divers.As of December 2004, PDE had collected more than101,983 dive profilessince beginning data collection in 1995. This report is based on data collectedduring the 2003 calendar year (26,767 dives).The goals of PDE include creating a database of both safe dives and divesthat result in injuries. This will help provide insight into the behavior, diveprofiles and characteristics of recreational divers and their risks of decompressionillness (DCI). Since its beginning, PDE has shared goals andmethodology with Dive Safety Lab (DSL), a similar program developedand conducted by DAN Europe.8DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2005 Edition
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Page 20 and 21: 1. INTRODUCTIONDivers Alert Network
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Section 3 - Dive InjuriesFigure 3.5
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Section 3 - Dive InjuriesCase (diag
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4. Dive FatalitiesDeath while divin
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Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesFigure 4
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Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesOur data
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Section 4 - Dive Fatalities4.4-1Dis
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Figure 4.4-2Report
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Section 4 - Dive FatalitiesConclusi
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Figure 5.1-2 shows the proportion o
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Figure 5.1-6 shows a comparison of
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Figures 5.2-3 and 5.2-4 show how th
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6. Breath-HoldingIncidents6.1 Intro
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Section 6 - Breath-Holding Incident
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Appendix A: Dive Injury Case <stron
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Appendix A: Injury Case Rep
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Appendix B: Dive Fatality Case <str
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Appendix B: Fatality Case R
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Appendix C: Breath-Hold IncidentCas
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Appendix C: Breath-Holding Incident
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Glossarymatical models to compute d
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GlossaryRepresentative SampleA grou
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2004 Publications2004 PublicationsR
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NotesDAN’s Report</strong
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The only 24-hour, worldwide dive em
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Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive

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