The Impact of the Andean Trade Preference Act Twelfth ... - USITC

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cathodes, four apparel products, one petroleum derivative (naphthas), asparagus, 93 and onejewelry product (table 2-7). U.S. imports from Peru of these products were discussed earlierin the chapter.Copper cathodes have consistently topped the list of leading imports under ATPA from Peru.U.S. imports of copper cathodes increased in 2005, but only because of higher prices (table2-10). As mentioned earlier, Peru was the leading supplier of jewelry to the United Statesunder ATPA. However, as such imports were highly diversified, none of them appears as aleading import item under ATPA from Peru. Articles of knitted apparel and clothingaccessories (HTS 61), the leading broad category of imports under ATPA from Peru,accounted for 32 percent of all imports from that country under the program. Such imports,especially of men’s or boys’ knitted shirts and t-shirts, continued to increase at a fast pace.BoliviaBolivia’s total merchandise exports were up by some 25 percent in 2005, responding tostrong demand and high prices for some of the country’s mineral exports, principally naturalgas. 94 Bolivia is the only ATPA country whose number one export market is not the UnitedStates. In 2004, Brazil accounted for 32 percent of total Bolivian exports, as Brazil was alsothe principal recipient of Bolivia’s natural gas. 95In 2005, U.S. imports from Bolivia under ATPA amounted to $157.3 million, 1.4 percentof all U.S. imports under the program. Bolivia was the principal source of only one leadingimport under ATPA: gold jewelry articles and parts (table 2-7). Major imports from Boliviaunder ATPA were three jewelry products, one apparel product, and light petroleum oils(table 2-10).U.S. Exports to ATPA CountriesThe economies of the ATPA countries, buttressed by strong international demand for itstraditional export commodities, performed well in 2005, despite political tension throughoutthe region. As a result, ATPA countries remained a steady market for most U.S. goods. TheUnited States continued to be the leading supplier to each ATPA country, except Bolivia.U.S. exports to the region totaled $8.9 billion, 16 percent above their 2004 level, and 40percent more than in 2001 (table 2-1). U.S. exports increased to each ATPA country by 5to 20 percent in 2005 from 2004. ATPA countries combined ranked 19 th as a U.S. exportmarket, ahead of Ireland, but behind Switzerland.U.S. exports to the region were up in all major product categories compared with 2004,except for cereals (table 2-11). The surge of exports of petroleum and derivatives is notable;93 The U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA), if implemented, is not expected to provideadditional market access for Peruvian asparagus to the United States. However, making the already duty-freeaccess presently granted under ATPA permanent may spur additional investment in Peru by U.S. growersand processors. USITC, U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement: Potential Economy-wide and SelectedSectoral Effects, Inv. TA-2104-20, USITC publication 3855, June 2006, p. 3-1.94EIU Country Report, Bolivia, Apr. 2006, found at http://www.eiu.com, retrieved May 12, 2006. Boliviahas the second-largest proven natural gas reserves in South America, behind Venezuela.95 Official data of Bolivia, as presented by World Trade Atlas. Data for 2005 are not yet available.2-24
exports almost doubled, reflecting larger volumes as well as higher prices. Exports to ATPAcountries of instruments, apparatus, and parts thereof, as well as of automotive products alsoincreased at a fast pace in 2005.U.S. exports of non-electrical machinery and parts (HTS 84) amounted to $1.9 billion. Suchexports remained the leading 2-digit HTS product category of this trade flow in 2005 (table2-11, figure 2-4). 96 The products in this group were mostly intended for use in oil and gasfields, construction, and the data processing area. Sector exports increased 15 percentcompared with 2004. Parts of mining and construction machinery and equipment, andcomputer parts and peripherals were the leading products (table 2-12). Nonetheless, therelative significance of non-electrical machinery and parts as compared to other productgroups continued to decline. Non-electrical machinery exports accounted for 27 percent ofall U.S. exports to ATPA countries in 2001; their share gradually declined to 22 percent in2004 and 21 percent by 2005 (table 2-11, figure 2-4).Electrical machinery (HTS 85), the second leading category of U.S. exports to ATPAcountries, accounted for 9.5 percent of the total, the same as in 2004, but less than in 2001(table 2-11, figure 2-4). Transmission and reception apparatus for telecommunications(mostly cell phones) were responsible for the bulk of U.S. exports in this product group(table 2-12). The combined exports of the two machinery categories (HTS 84 and HTS 85)still accounted for close to one-third of all U.S. exports to ATPA countries in 2005, slightlyless than in recent years and continuing a downward trend relative to other export groups.The rapid growth in recent years of U.S. organic chemical exports (HTS 29) to the regionslowed in 2005; exports were up only by six percent. Whereas in 2004 organic chemicalswere the second leading category of U.S. exports to ATPA countries, they fell to third placein 2005. The category accounted for 9 percent of the total in 2005, compared with almost 10percent in 2004. Vinyl chloride, propene (propylene) and styrene continued to be the threeleading products within the group (table 2-12). Exports of vinyl chloride were up 17percent, 97 and those of propene increased 15 percent, both increasing at a much lower ratethan in 2004. Meanwhile, U.S. exports of styrene to the region dropped by 3.5 percent in2005, following a substantial increase in 2004. Colombia was the destination of most ofthese U.S. organic chemical exports, followed by Peru.Fuel oils were the leading export product to the ATPA countries in 2005, more than doublingby value compared with 2004 (table 2-12). The value of U.S. exports of plastics (HTS 39)to the region was up by only 4 percent in 2005 as exports of polyethylene— the leadingplastic product—declined. U.S. exports of instruments and apparatus (HTS 90) to the regionincreased rapidly for the second consecutive year, up by 38 percent in 2005 (table 2-11).96 In the United States, export data are commonly referred to as being reported under Schedule B, theseparate U.S. export schedule based on the HTS nomenclature. For purposes of this report, and for ease ofcomparison with the analysis on imports, Schedule B numbers are referred to here as HTS provisions. AllSchedule B provisions mirror the HTS or aggregate to HTS provisions, except as noted in the HTS Notice toExporters, which enumerates unique Schedule B categories that must be used for reporting covered exports.97 See section on U.S. imports of polyvinyl chloride.2-25
Page 2 and 3: U.S. International Trade Commission
Page 5: PREFACEThe submission of this study
Page 17: Trade-Related Activities in 2005•
Page 20 and 21: Organization of the ReportThis chap
Page 22 and 23: actions to withdraw or suspend coun
Page 24 and 25: textile and apparel articles made i
Page 26 and 27: duty-free entry are identical—a C
Page 28 and 29: analysis assumes that the supply of
Page 30 and 31: $11.1 billion in 2005 compared with
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-2 Leading U.S. imports for
Page 34 and 35: and 9.5 percent in 2004 to 7.7 perc
Page 36 and 37: 2-8Table 2-5 U.S. imports for consu
Page 38 and 39: 2-10Table 2-6 Leading U.S. imports
Page 42 and 43: Table 2-8 Textiles and apparel: U.S
Page 44 and 45: Virtually all flower imports from t
Page 46 and 47: The 2005 list of leading imports un
Page 48 and 49: Table 2-9 U.S. imports for consumpt
Page 54 and 55: 2-26Table 2-11 U.S. exports to ATPA
Page 56 and 57: 2-28Table 2-12 Leading U.S. exports
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2-5U.S. exports to ATPA coun
Page 60 and 61: EcuadorThe growth rate of the Ecuad
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 3ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ATPA ON
Page 65 and 66: Products That Benefited Exclusively
Page 67 and 68: Several leading imports that were i
Page 69 and 70: Table 3-3 Leading imports that bene
Page 71 and 72: Table 3-5 Estimated displacement ef
Page 73 and 74: more in 2004. 132 Asparagus and cut
Page 75 and 76: esulted in greater availability of
Page 77 and 78: In recent years, some U.S. growers
Page 79 and 80: U.S. sales of domestically produced
Page 81 and 82: Table 3-6 Foreign direct investment
Page 83 and 84: product quality at the volumes requ
Page 85 and 86: $314 million purchase by Phillip Mo
Page 87 and 88: Industry sources attribute the slow
Page 89 and 90: place will have a devastating effec
Page 91 and 92: textile and apparel machinery and t
Page 93 and 94: Textile and Apparel SectorPeru has
Page 95: could begin producing the high-end
Page 98 and 99: Role of ATPA in Counternarcotics Ef
Page 100 and 101: (table 4-1, figure 4-1). 306 Net co
Page 102 and 103:
Figure 4-1Net Coca Cultivation in t
Page 104 and 105:
to other forms of legal justice. Th
Page 106 and 107:
ulk of funding for the plan between
Page 108 and 109:
Alternative DevelopmentThe USAID al
Page 111:
APPENDIX AFederal Register NoticeA-
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27278 Federal Register / Vol. 71, N
Page 117 and 118:
American Chamber of Commerce of Per
Page 119 and 120:
Government of Colombia—Colombian
Page 121:
Peruvian Asparagus Importers Associ
Page 125:
Technical Notes to Chapter 3:Partia
Page 128 and 129:
(1)N(Q a /Q a N) = (1+t)ε aa(2)N(Q
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