The Impact of the Andean Trade Preference Act Twelfth ... - USITC

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CHAPTER 4IMPACT OF ATPA ON DRUG-RELATEDCROP ERADICATIONAND CROPSUBSTITUTION IN 2005As indicated in previous chapters, ATPA was enacted to improve access to U.S. markets forcertain imports from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru in order to promote legaleconomic alternatives to illicit drug activity. This chapter assesses the estimated effects ofATPA 297 on drug-related crop eradication and crop substitution efforts of each of thesecountries during 2005. Figures and information in this chapter are derived primarily fromU.S. Department of State data. 298OverviewCocaine continues to be the greatest drug threat to the United States, according to the U.S.Department of State, even though U.S. cocaine consumption has declined recently. Becauseall cocaine originates in the Andean countries of Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru, the UnitedStates has channeled a significant portion of its international counternarcotics resourcestoward eliminating coca cultivation, disrupting cocaine production, and preventing the drugfrom reaching the United States. 299 In 2005, ATPA, coupled with U.S. economic assistancethrough alternative development programs, continued to contribute to the U.S.counternarcotics effort with a small, indirect effect on illicit crop eradication and cropsubstitution efforts in the ATPA region.297 As discussed in chapter 1, the term “ATPA” refers to ATPA as amended by ATPDEA.298 The primary source for figures and analysis in this chapter is the U.S. Department of State, Bureau forInternational Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report(INCSR 2006), vol. I, Mar. 1, 2006, and previous issues. Additional sources include the revised U.S.Government estimates from the Central Intelligence Agency, Crime and Narcotics Center (CNC), MajorIllicit-Drug-Producing Nations–Cultivation and Production Estimates, 2000-04, July 2005. The CNCrevised its 2000-2004 cultivation and production estimates for illicit drug production, including coca andpoppy crops. Sources also include more recent data issued in April 2006 by the White House Office forNational Drug Control Policy, “2005 Coca Estimates for Colombia,” press release, Apr. 14, 2006, found athttp://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/news/press06/041406.html, retrieved Apr. 18, 2006. Use of reviseddata may result in figures, totals, and percentages in this chapter that vary slightly from official figurespublished prior to revisions and updates.299U.S. Department of State, INCSR 2006, p. 11. Ecuador has no significant coca cultivation, havingeliminated its minor cultivation of coca by 1992. However, Ecuador does serve as a major transshipmentpoint for drugs.4-1
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U.S. International Trade Commission
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PREFACEThe submission of this study
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Trade-Related Activities in 2005•
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Organization of the ReportThis chap
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actions to withdraw or suspend coun
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textile and apparel articles made i
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duty-free entry are identical—a C
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analysis assumes that the supply of
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$11.1 billion in 2005 compared with
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Table 2-2 Leading U.S. imports for
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and 9.5 percent in 2004 to 7.7 perc
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2-8Table 2-5 U.S. imports for consu
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2-10Table 2-6 Leading U.S. imports
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2-12Table 2-7 Leading U.S. imports
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Table 2-8 Textiles and apparel: U.S
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Virtually all flower imports from t
Page 46 and 47: The 2005 list of leading imports un
Page 48 and 49: Table 2-9 U.S. imports for consumpt
Page 50 and 51: 2-22Table 2-10 Leading U.S. imports
Page 52 and 53: cathodes, four apparel products, on
Page 54 and 55: 2-26Table 2-11 U.S. exports to ATPA
Page 56 and 57: 2-28Table 2-12 Leading U.S. exports
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2-5U.S. exports to ATPA coun
Page 60 and 61: EcuadorThe growth rate of the Ecuad
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 3ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ATPA ON
Page 65 and 66: Products That Benefited Exclusively
Page 67 and 68: Several leading imports that were i
Page 69 and 70: Table 3-3 Leading imports that bene
Page 71 and 72: Table 3-5 Estimated displacement ef
Page 73 and 74: more in 2004. 132 Asparagus and cut
Page 75 and 76: esulted in greater availability of
Page 77 and 78: In recent years, some U.S. growers
Page 79 and 80: U.S. sales of domestically produced
Page 81 and 82: Table 3-6 Foreign direct investment
Page 83 and 84: product quality at the volumes requ
Page 85 and 86: $314 million purchase by Phillip Mo
Page 87 and 88: Industry sources attribute the slow
Page 89 and 90: place will have a devastating effec
Page 91 and 92: textile and apparel machinery and t
Page 93 and 94: Textile and Apparel SectorPeru has
Page 95: could begin producing the high-end
Page 99 and 100: enforcement and alternative develop
Page 101 and 102: Table 4-1 Coca cultivation and erad
Page 103 and 104: since 2001 have maintained only “
Page 105 and 106: National alternative development pr
Page 107 and 108: enefits becomes more evident to Ecu
Page 109: agricultural sector in Peru has cle
Page 113 and 114: Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 90
Page 115: APPENDIX BSummary of Submissions in
Page 118 and 119: Exporamerica 352Exporamerica, a pri
Page 120 and 121: International Intellectual Property
Page 123: APPENDIX CTechnical Notes to Chapte
Page 127 and 128: The change from full tariffs to dut
Page 129: apparel production in the United St
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