U.S. Navy Ship Salvage Manual Volume 6 - Oil Spill Response

S0300-A6-MAN-060tally sensitive areas, but may be an appropriate cleanup option for heavily oiled recreational orcommercial beaches.Table 7-2. Application of Techniques to Different Shoreline Types.Primary CleanupFinal CleanupPumping/SkimmingMechanicalRecoveryManualRecoveryCommentsNaturalRecoveryLow-PressureFlushingHigh-PressureWashing/SandblastingDispersantsNaturalOrganicSorbentsNaturalRecoveryCommentsRocks,bouldersand artificialstructuresV N/A V +Poor accessmay preventpumping/skimming.Exposed/remote shorelinesbest leftto naturalrecovery.N/A V + + VAvoid excessiveabrasion ofrocks/artificialstructures.Cleanup ofboulders difficultand oftengives poorresults.Cobbles,pebbles andshinglesV X V +Exposed/remote shorelinesbest leftto naturalrecovery.V X + + +If load-bearingcharactergood, considerpushing oiledmaterial to surfzone toenhance naturalrecovery.Sand V + V +Heavy equipmentonly applicableon firmbeaches.V X V N/A +Solid oil can berecoveredusing generalbeach cleaningmachines.Enhance naturalrecovery byplowing/harrowing.Mud flats,marshesand mangroves+ X + VOperationspreferably carriedout on thewater fromsmall, shallowdraftvessels.+ X X + VOperationsshould preferablybe carriedout on thewater fromsmall, shallowdraftvessels.V = Recommended+ = Possibly UsefulX = Not RecommendedN/A = Not Applicable7-5.3.3 Specialized Collection Equipment. Specialized devices for picking up stranded oil havebeen developed. Three main principals are utilized:• Adhesion - oil is picked up on a roller surface.• Scraping - an oiled surface layer of beach is removed with a blade.• Scooping - an elevating belt lifts the oil from the beach or shallow water.These devices are effective on smooth, sandy beaches. Oil is separated from the collected materialby sieving (tar balls/sand) or by gravity (oil/water).7-5.3.4 Manual Removal of Oil and Oily Debris. As a cleanup technique, manual collection ofoily debris can be employed on almost any type of shoreline, but is particularly applicable to environmentallysensitive or inaccessible areas. Oiled debris and sorbents are collected with rakes,7-5