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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICYMAKING TRAINING MANUALpage 9.98The estimated 4,600 PV projects are summarized according to application intable 5.Table 5.PV systems in Ghana according to applicationApplicationQuantityLighting 4270Vaccine refrigeration 210Water pumping 80Telecommunication repeater stations 63Radio transceivers 34Battery charging stations 20Rural telephone systems 3Grid-connected power generation* 1*This unit, installed at the Ministry of Energy, is experiencing technical problems.3.3. Solar thermal technologyThermal applications of solar energy are limited to small systems for the provisionof hot water from solar water heaters (SWHs). Solar water heaters have beeninstalled in individual homes, hospitals and hotels, but this has been on a smallscale because cheaper water-heating alternatives such as electric water heatersare available. 11Solar drying of foodstuffs is widespread and is the traditional form of storingmany types of food, but this is usually rudimentary—foodstuffs are spread out inthe sun or hung in barns to dry. A number of solar crop driers have been manufacturedand trails have shown them to be a viable application of solar energyin Ghana. 103.4. Wind energyGhana’s wind resources are confined to narrow stretches along the eastern coastlineand offshore; but the speeds are moderate. Even so, it is still expected thatwind energy can be harnessed to provide electricity in commercial quantities 8, 11 .A number of private companies in Ghana sell small wind turbines (systems< 50 kW have been advertised).In 2004, Enterprise Works Ltd. launched the “Ghana Wind Energy Project”, ademonstration project of 12 wind turbines (600-1,000 Wp) installed along the
MODULE 9: RENEWABLE ENERGY: REGULATORY AND POLICY OPTIONSpage 9.99eastern coast of Ghana. The Global Environment Facility and the World Bank providedfunding. Six of these wind turbines were locally manufactured, with theintention of developing local technical capacity in the fabrication of small windturbine systems.3.5. Mini/micro hydro generationStudies conducted in Ghana over the past three decades have shown that thereexists a theoretical availability of up to 25 MW of micro hydropower from70 sites. 10 However, recent studies have shown that a number of these sites arefed from water sources that tend to dry up for a number of months in the year.Some of the other sites have been found to be economically unfeasible. 11Currently, one of the feasible sites is being developed, and a 30 kW systemexpected to be established soon. 1515Personal communication with Mr. W. Ahiataku-Togobo.
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