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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICYMAKING TRAINING MANUALpage 9.108Table 1. Energy consumption by sector (year 2000)Sector Peta Joules Per centAgriculture and forestry 5.75 2.8Commerce and industry 17.06 8.3Government/services 2.29 1.1Households 150.56 73Mining 20.99 10.2Transport 9.67 4.7TOTAL 206.33 100Source: Department of Energy, Energy Bulletin 1990-2003.Figure II. Sectoral energy consumption chart (2000)Mining10%Transport5%Agriculture& forestry3%Commerce& industry8%Government/services1%Households73%The energy consumption pattern in Zambia is dominated by households and mining.As shown in table 1 and figure II, households account for 73.0 per cent oftotal final energy consumption in 2000. The largest share of energy consumptionby households is attributed to firewood as illustrated in figure I, which indicatesthe overall importance of firewood in the provision of energy in Zambia. The miningsector, second in importance in terms of energy consumption, accounted for10.2 per cent of total final consumption, followed by industry 8.3 per cent andtransport 4.7 per cent.
MODULE 9: RENEWABLE ENERGY: REGULATORY AND POLICY OPTIONSpage 9.1091.2. Energy supplyZambia is well endowed with hydropower resources. The main river catchmentareas that have been developed are the Zambezi and Kafue. On the Kafue River,Zambia has developed the Kafue Gorge hydroelectric scheme (900 MW); on theZambezi River, Kariba North Bank (600 MW) and Victoria Falls power station(108 MW). Small/mini-hydro power stations serve the rural areas. The significantones are Lusiwasi (12 MW), Chishimba falls (6 MW), Musonda falls (5 MW) andLunzua (0.75 MW). The main power stations are interconnected into the main gridvia a 330 and 220 kV network. There is an untapped hydropower potential of about6000 MW. Table 2 shows total installed electricity generation capacity in 2004.Table 2. Installed electricity generation capacity (2004)No. Description Capacity (MW) Type1 Kafue Gorge 900 Hydro2 Kariba North Bank 600 Hydro3 Victoria Falls 108 Hydro4 Lunsemfwa and Mulungushi 38 Hydro5 Small hydros 24 Hydro6 Isolated generation 10 Diesel7 Gas turbine (stand-by) 80 GasTotal installed capacity 1760The country also has large deposits of coal at Maamba in the south of the country,along the Zambezi valley with deposits estimated at 30 million tons. Otherareas where coal deposits have been located are Lwangua North, Luano,Lukusashi, Chunga and Lubaba. These deposits are estimated at several hundredthousand tons each. Due to production constraints and lack of investment funds,the design output of 1.2 million tons per annum of beneficiated and saleable coalhas drastically dropped over the last years. Coal only contributes about 6 per centof the country’s energy needs, mainly in the mining and industrial sectors. Atdomestic sector level, research has been completed aimed at developing suitableappliances that can use coal briquettes.Peat is another potential source of energy in the country. A general cartographicanalysis reveals that there are peat land areas along the Zambezi and Kafue rivervalleys. However, there has not been a systematic investigation of the resourceto date, therefore its use in Zambia cannot be quantified.Zambia receives a lot of sunshine, such that solar power presents itself as a substituteto other energy sources. It is competitive when remote areas are being
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