Regulatory and policy options to encourage development of ...

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICYMAKING TRAINING MANUALpage 9.50Capacity (kW p) 2Full load hours/year 1250Investment cost (€/kW p) 6500Operation and maintenance 0cost (€/kW e/year)Interest rate r (per cent) 6.5Duration of support t (years) 20Feed-in tariff (€/kWh) ?Income/year2 (kW) * 1250 (hrs) * FIT (€/kWh)Investment cost 2 (kW) * 6500 (€/kW) = 13.000 €Calculation of the feed-in tariff∑ [(2.500 * FIT) / (1,065) t ] – 13.000 = 0FIT = 0.470 €/kWh = 470 €/MWhBiofuelAn example of a 10,000 kW einstallation is considered using biofuel (palm oil) 9 in a condensingsteam turbine.Capacity (kW e) 10,000Full load hours/year 6000 10Investment cost (€/kW e) 800Operation and maintenance 120cost (€/kW e/year)Fuel cost (€/GJ) 10 11Interest rate r (per cent) 6.5Duration of support t (years) 10Feed-in tariff (€/kWh) ?9ECN-C—05-016 – Small-scale independent electricity installations using biomass (2005), www.ecn.nl.VITO – Onrendabele toppen van duurzame elektriciteitsopties in Vlaanderen (2005), www.energiesparen.be10In principle even higher full load hours (>7000) are reachable, provided there is a continuous fuelsupply (generally guaranteed through contracts). In reality, such installations do not always run atfull capacity yet and need regular stops for maintenance.11The price of crude palm oil in January 2007 was circa 360 euros/ton CPO (www.mpoc.org.my). Ifthen an energy content of 37 GJ/ton is assumed, the cost per ton comes at circa 10 euros.
MODULE 9: RENEWABLE ENERGY: REGULATORY AND POLICY OPTIONSpage 9.51Income/yearFollowing the same approach as above, the income is:10,000 (kW) * 6000 (hrs) * FIT (€/kWh)Cost/yearFuel cost:10 €/GJElectricity production: 60,000,000 kWh = 540,000 GJ(1 kWh = 3.6 MJ, efficiency of energy conversion assumed at 40 per cent) Fuel cost/year: 5,400,000 € Operation and maintenance cost/year: 10,000 * 120 = 1,200,000 €Investment cost 10,000 (kW) * 800 (€/kW) = 8,000,000 €Calculation of the feed-in tariff∑ [(60,000,000 * FIT – 1,200,000 – 5,400,000) / (1.065) t ] – 8,000,000 = 0FIT = 0.127 €/kWh = 127 €/MWhSmall-scale hydro 12Capacity (kW e) 100Full load hours/year 6000Investment cost (€/kW e) 2500Operation and maintenance 3cost (per cent of investment)Interest rate r (per cent) 6.5Duration of support t (years) 10Feed-in tariff (€/kWh) ?Income/yearFollowing the same approach as before, the income is:100 (kW) * 6000 (hrs) * FIT (€/kWh)Cost/yearOperation and maintenance cost /year: 100 (kW) * 2500 (€/kW) * 0.03 = 7500€Investment cost 100 (kW) * 2500 (€/kW) = 250,000 €12State-of-the-art of small hydropower – European Small Hydro Association – www.esha.be
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