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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICYMAKING TRAINING MANUALpage 9.114The above policy measures, which are contained in the proposed NEP2005, areadequate to promote the development and deployment of renewable energy ifthey are backed by the appropriate legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks.In addition, the government will need to take further deliberate measures to buildthe necessary capacity at various policymaking levels within both the governmentitself and the Energy Regulation Board and the Rural Electrification Authority in orderto achieve an effective regulatory environment for the promotion of renewables.
MODULE 9: RENEWABLE ENERGY: REGULATORY AND POLICY OPTIONSpage 9.1154. CONCLUSIONSThe power sector in Zambia has been going through a dramatic change from atotally state-controlled business with vertically integrated subsector monopoliesto a free market with competition and private sector investment. An appropriatelegal and regulatory framework has been established through legislative instruments,such as the Energy Regulation Act and the Electricity Act. A sector regulator,the Energy Regulation Board, was established in 1997 as an independent andsole licensing authority for operators in the energy sector. A Rural ElectrificationAct was passed in 2003 and a Rural Electrification Authority established.Zambia does not have a specific legal framework dealing with renewable energytechnologies (RETs) in their entirety. However, these are regulated under theEnergy Regulation Act and the Electricity Act. A specific framework for the promotionand development of RETs is necessary.The major constraints to a wider use of RETs include: (a) lack of awareness aboutRETs; (b) high initial costs; (c) inadequate adaptive research on RE technologiesto the Zambian situation; (d) lack of end-user acceptability; (e) inadequatedemonstration projects; and (f) lack of specialized training.The National Energy Policy of 1994 (NEP1994) clearly spells out policy measuresneeded to accelerate the development of renewable energy. These include: Promotion of education and training in renewable energy at various levels; Promotion of information dissemination about renewable energy; Promotion of renewable energy technological development.The proposed National Energy Policy of 2005 (NEP2005) further recommends: Strengthening of the institutional framework for research and development ofRETs; Application of appropriate financial and fiscal instruments for stimulating theimplementation of RETs; Actively involve women in decision-making and planning in renewable energyprogrammes and activities; Promotion of biomass technologies for electricity generation.The above policy measures are contained in the proposed new national policy(the NEP2005). Consequently the above policies have not yet been implementeda significant degree. However, it is expected that this situation will be addressednow that the Rural Electrification Authority has been established.
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