FilmTec Technical Manual - Chester Paul Company

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B. The Normalized Permeate TDS is calculated fromΔPoPfo- - Ppo-πfco+ πp0CfcsC ps= Cpo⋅ 2⋅ΔPsCfcoPfs- - Pps-πfcs+ πps2(2)Terms not yet defined under A are:C p = product concentration as ion in mg/lπ p = osmotic pressure of the permeate in barExampleValues of Start-Up:Feed water analysis in mg/l:Ca: 200 HCO 3 : 152Mg: 61 SO 4 : 552Na: 388 Cl: 633Temp.: 59°F (15°C) Pressure drop: 44 psi (3 bar)Pressure: 363 psi (25 bar) Permeate pressure: 14.5 psi (1 bar)Flow: 660 gpm (150 m 3 /h) Permeate TDS: 83 mg/lRecovery: 75 %Values after 3 months:Feed water analysis in mg/l:Ca: 200 HCO 3 : 152Mg: 80 SO 4 : 530Na: 480 Cl: 850Temp.: 50°F (10°C) Pressure drop: 58 psi (4 bar)Pressure: 406 psi (28 bar) Permeate pressure: 29 psi (2 bar)Flow: 600 gpm (127 m 3 /h) Permeate TDS: 80 mg/lRecovery: 72 %For the standard conditions we have:P fs = 363 psi (25 bar)ΔP s—— = 181.5 psi (1.5 bar)2C fs = 1986 mg/l1lnfc = 1986 ⋅1−0.75= 3671 mg / l0.75C sπ fcs = 36.3 psi (2.5 bar)TCF s = EXP [3020 x {1 / 298 – 1 / (273 + 15)}] = 0.70Page 118 of 180 ® Trademark of The Dow Chemical <strong>Company</strong> ("Dow") or an affiliated company of Dow Form No. 609-00071
For the operating conditions we have:P fo = 406 psi (28 bar)Δ P o—— = 29 psi (2 bar)21ln ———1 - 0.72C fco = 2292 x ————— = 4052 mg/l0.72π fco = 39.4 psi (2.72 bar)TCF o = EXP [3020 x {1 / 298 – 1 / (273 + 10)}] = 0.58Substituting these values in equations (1) gives:25 - 1.5 - 1 - 2.5 0.70Q s = ———————— x —— x 12728 - 2 - 2 - 2.7 0.58= 636 gpm normalized flow (144 m 3 /h)Compared to the start-up conditions, the plant has lost 4 % capacity. This is a normal value after a period of 3 months.Cleaning is not yet necessary.The normalized permeate TDS is derived from equation (2):28 - 2 - 2 - 2.72 + 0.06 3671C ps = ——————————— x ——— x 8025 - 1.5 - 1 - 2.5 + 0.05 4052= 77 mg/lCompared to the initial 83 mg/l, the salt rejection has slightly improved. Such behavior is typical for the initial phase.References1) Youngberg, D.A.: Start-up of an RO/DI Pure Water System. Ultrapure Water, March/April 1986, 46-50.2) ASTM D4472-89 (Reapproved 2003): Standard Guide for Record Keeping for Reverse Osmosis Systems.3) ASTM D4516-00: Standard Practice for Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data.4) ASTM D4195-88 (Reapproved 2003): Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis Application.5) Walton, V.R.G.: Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids – What is Their Precise Relationship? Desalination,72 (1989) 275-292.Page 119 of 180 ® Trademark of The Dow Chemical <strong>Company</strong> ("Dow") or an affiliated company of Dow Form No. 609-00071
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DowWater SolutionsFILMTEC Reverse O
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2.6 Biological Fouling Prevention .
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1. Basics of Reverse Osmosis and Na
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Nanofiltration (NF)Nanofiltration r
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How to Use Reverse Osmosis and Nano
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1.4 Membrane DescriptionThe FILMTEC
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Membrane systems are typically desi
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1.8 Element CharacteristicsFILMTEC
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2. Water Chemistry and Pretreatment
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SeawaterSeawater with TDS of 35,000
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Table 2.5 Water analysis for RO/NFS
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Table 2.7 Solubility products of sp
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In this process, only Ca 2+ , Ba 2+
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For the concentration ranges presen
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The conditions for CaCO 3 scale con
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Figure 2.3 Langelier saturation ind
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These computations have been descri
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Figure 2.5 “K” versus ionic str
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Figure 2.6 Ksp for CaSO 4 versus io
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2.4.6 Calcium Fluoride Scale Preven
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Figure 2.8 K sp for SrSO 4 versus i
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2.4.7 Silica Scale PreventionDissol
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Table 2.10 Solubility of SiO 2 vers
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2.4.8 Calcium Phosphate Scale Preve
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Table 2.9 Various fouling indicesIn
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Frequent shutdowns and start-ups sh
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If the differential pressure across
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1. Intake (surface) or well, before
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or combined residual chlorine (CRC)
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2.6.5 DBNPADBNPA (2,2, dibromo-3-ni
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2.6.11 Use of Fouling Resistant Mem
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2.11 Treatment of Feedwater Contain
Page 67 and 68: 2.13 Summary of Pretreatment Option
Page 69 and 70: 26. Handbook of Industrial Membrane
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.1 System design information
Page 73 and 74: 3.2 Batch vs. Continuous ProcessAn
Page 75 and 76: 3.4 Single-Stage SystemIn a single-
Page 77 and 78: The apparent salt passage of the sy
Page 79 and 80: Instead of having a separate high-p
Page 81 and 82: 3.9.1 Membrane System Design Guidel
Page 83 and 84: In Table 3.6, the small commercial
Page 85 and 86: Table 3.8 Number of stages of a sea
Page 87 and 88: 3.11 System Performance Projection3
Page 89 and 90: 3.11.2 Design Equations and Paramet
Page 91 and 92: Table 3.10 Design equations for pro
Page 93 and 94: 3.11.3 Comparing Actual Performance
Page 95 and 96: The high-pressure concentrate is fe
Page 97 and 98: If the product water from an RO sys
Page 99 and 100: Besides the above recommendations,
Page 101 and 102: 4. Loading of Pressure VesselsThis
Page 103 and 104: The process of shimming is performe
Page 105 and 106: 4.5.2 Summary of Large Element Inte
Page 107 and 108: 5. System Operation5.1 Introduction
Page 109 and 110: 5.2.3 Start-Up SequenceProper start
Page 111 and 112: 5.2.4 Membrane Start-Up Performance
Page 113 and 114: 5.5.3 SeawaterIn principle, the ope
Page 115 and 116: Table 5.1 Reverse osmosis operating
Page 117: A. Normalized Permeate FlowQS=ΔPsP
Page 121 and 122: 4. During recirculation of cleaning
Page 123 and 124: 2. The cleaning pump should be size
Page 125 and 126: 6.7 Effect of pH on Foulant Removal
Page 127 and 128: Cleaning ProcedureThere are seven s
Page 129 and 130: If the organic fouling is the resul
Page 131 and 132: There are two factors that greatly
Page 133 and 134: 7. Handling, Preservation and Stora
Page 135 and 136: 7.4 Preservation of RO and NF Syste
Page 137 and 138: If the normalized actual performanc
Page 139 and 140: 8.3.3 Localization of High Solute P
Page 141 and 142: Figure 8.2 Permeate probing apparat
Page 143 and 144: 8.4.5 Performance TestThe standard
Page 145 and 146: 8.5.1.1 Low Flow and Normal Solute
Page 147 and 148: . Metal Oxide FoulingMetal oxide fo
Page 149 and 150: . Organic FoulingThe adsorption of
Page 151 and 152: 8.5.3 High Pressure DropHigh differ
Page 153 and 154: In case of fullfit or heat sanitiza
Page 155 and 156: Breakpoint chlorinationBreak tankBr
Page 157 and 158: FeedThe input solution to a treatme
Page 159 and 160: Milligram per litre (mg/L)Mixed-bed
Page 161 and 162: SBS Sodium bisulfite, NaHSO 3.Scale
Page 163 and 164: 9.2 Specific Conductance of Sodium
Page 165 and 166: Figure 9.1 Conductivity of ionic so
Page 167 and 168: 9.6 Temperature Correction FactorTa
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9.9 Osmotic Pressure of Sodium Chlo
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Details - TestEquipment andSpecific
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satisfactory for such a determinati
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case for almost all tested biocides
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9.12 Key Word IndexAbrasion - 150 B
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Positive displacement pump - 95 Shu
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FilmTec Technical Manual - Chester Paul Company

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