The Netherlands Drug Situation 2010 - Trimbos-instituut

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Cannabis ranks third and seems to be rising slowly.The problems have existed for a long time for most of the clients; 36% suffered fromalcohol or drug problems for more than 10 years. It should be noted that this informationis not available for 23% of the clients – this percentage is much higher than inthe years before.More than one third of the clients make alternating use of voluntary addiction care oraddiction probation services.Table 9.3.2: Clients of addiction probation services 2002-2009Clients: 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Total number of clientsI 12,356 13,635 14,100 13,234 16,385 15,914 14,674 14,816Primary problem is alcohol38% 40% 42% 46% 47% 47% 48% 50%Primary problem is opiates24% 21 19% 16% 15% 14% 14% 12%Primary problem iscocaine/crack27% 27% 26% 24% 23% 23% 23% 22%Primary problem is cannabis6% 7% 7% 8% 8% 9% 9% 9%Duration of problems ≥10 years44% 43% 43% 43% 43% 42% 41% 36%Alternating use voluntarycare/probation services35% 36% 36% 36% 37% 37% 38% 38%Source: Information Services for Addiction Care/SIVZ, 2010.The activities of Addiction Probation Services 2002-2009 are shown in table 9.3.3. Overall,there is a rising number of activities and client contacts.Most remarkable findings are: Supervision of clients, diagnoses of clients and the writing of advisory reports werecarried out most often in 2009, as was the case in 2008. Diagnoses are carried out (partly) by using the standard instrument RISc (Risk AssessmentScales, Risico Inschattings Schalen). A RISc-assessment was carried outmore than 5,700 times in 2009. In addition, more detailed and deeper screening canbe carried out, in order to come to an adequate indication for care or cure. With regardsto this, a new instrument (MATE-Crimi) was piloted (Zeegers et al. 2009). Thisinstrument aims at improved indications of drug users in the criminal justice system.Implementation is continued in 5 addiction care institutions.135
Table 9.3.3: Types of assistance offered by addiction probation services and number oftimes the service was provided, 2002-2009 IType of assistance 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009First visit to arrestee/prisonerin remandReport to judge withadvice regardingcontinuation ofremand custodyReferral to careprogramsSupervision ofclients in theframework of a judicialdecisionInterventions/ReintegrationprogramsSupervision of workingSentencesSupervision of learningSentences3,629 4,305 4,110 3,962 4,400 4,123 4,160 4,096995 922 889 1,152 1,494 1,408 1,564 1,6591,568 2,115 2,254 2,081 3,226 3,684 4,005 4,5142,407 3,726 4,919 5,454 7,880 9,728 10,679 12,2881,696 2,566 2,929 2,806 2,624 1,948 1,500 1,6213,382 4,098 4,650 4,904 5,293 5,267 5,322 5,497139 217 241 286 360 294 329 244(Advisory) reports 7,587 8,746 8,369 8,454 8,931 8,658 8, 568 8,857DiagnosesII 10,615 10,605 11,504 9,935 9,719 10,075 9,923Reintegration plan 972Total number ofactivities31,451 43,900 39,994 40,603 44,143 44,829 46,202 49,671Total number of37,956 40,848 61,629 66,041 96,056 141,510 153,876 159,706contacts with clientsI. No figures on case level, no specification for type of drug/alcohol/gambling II. Introduced in 2003, RISc’sincluded. Source: Foundation of Addiction Probation Services, 2010 (www.svg.nl).Reintegration programs and facilities for drug users in prisonThe following programmes and facilities are available in 2009 for persons with drug problems: Behavioural interventions are available for those detainees who have a sanction of atleast four months. The interventions have to be accredited by a special Commissionfor Behavioural Interventions which was installed by the ministry of Security and Justice. For delinquents with drug problems, two interventions were approved in 2009: theshort lifestyle training and the lifestyle training. A behavioural intervention for delinquentswho committed violent crimes under the influence of alcohol is in development(Jaarverslag 2009 Erkenningscommissie, 2010). The special units for addicts (Verslaafden Begeleidings Afdelingen, VBA) were discontinuedin 2009. The above mentioned PPC’s (see 9.3.1) came in place. Detained drug users can make use of medical and psychological care in prison.136
Page 1 and 2:
Margriet van Laar, Guus Cruts, Andr
Page 3 and 4:
ColophonThis National Report was su
Page 6:
PREFACEThe Report on the Drug Situa
Page 9 and 10:
9.6 New developments 14110 Drug mar
Page 11 and 12:
these groups are relatively scarce.
Page 13 and 14:
oasted by means of programs to prev
Page 16:
Part A: New developments and trends
Page 19 and 20:
Regulation Opium Act Exemptions (mi
Page 21 and 22:
Medicinal cannabisOn 6 October 2009
Page 23 and 24:
The Public Administration Probity S
Page 25 and 26:
local circumstances into account. T
Page 27 and 28:
The police district of West and Cen
Page 29 and 30:
treatment for drug addiction. "Labe
Page 32 and 33:
2 Drug use in the population2.1 Dru
Page 34 and 35:
Table 2.1.3Annual prevalence and nu
Page 36 and 37:
Cannabis and age (of onset)Figure 2
Page 38 and 39:
ment of regular cannabis use (4 or
Page 40 and 41:
Table 2.3.1Prevalence (%) of substa
Page 42 and 43:
the ecstasy (see also § 10.3), som
Page 44 and 45:
Table 2.3.2Prevalence of substance
Page 46 and 47:
3 PreventionIntroductionIn the Neth
Page 48 and 49:
CVGU). this Centre will support loc
Page 50 and 51:
friends list in Windows live Messen
Page 52:
entiate for group characteristics l
Page 55 and 56:
in the number of problem opiate use
Page 57 and 58:
emaining 131 problem hard drug user
Page 59 and 60:
The largest difference in the propo
Page 61 and 62:
Logistic regression analysis showed
Page 64 and 65:
5 Drug-related treatment: treatment
Page 66 and 67:
National performance indicatorsAn i
Page 68 and 69:
From May 2010 FACT will be offered
Page 70 and 71:
using cannabis, it is developed by
Page 72 and 73:
clients received treatment in Amste
Page 74 and 75:
Figure 5.3.1: Distribution of new c
Page 76 and 77:
Figure 5.3.3: Gender distribution b
Page 78:
Table 5.3.1: Clinical admissions to
Page 81 and 82:
In 2009, 692 new HIV diagnoses were
Page 83 and 84:
Other risk behaviour included tatto
Page 85 and 86: Of the 168 new AIDS diagnoses in 20
Page 87 and 88: The Municipal Health Service (GGD)
Page 89 and 90: addiction care centre (hepatitis B
Page 91 and 92: o Chronic carriership was found in
Page 93 and 94: (4%), and hallucinogenic mushrooms
Page 95 and 96: Table 6.2.2: Information requests r
Page 97 and 98: 6.3 Drug-related deaths and mortali
Page 99: Figure 6.3.2: Trends in age distrib
Page 103 and 104: Figure 7.2.1 Number of syringes exc
Page 105 and 106: The expert group also discussed the
Page 107 and 108: Iriszorg is further experimenting w
Page 109 and 110: In line with the national policy th
Page 111 and 112: "The proportions of non-Western eth
Page 113 and 114: drugs. However, there is a narrow b
Page 115 and 116: Table 8.2.1: Programs for social re
Page 117 and 118: Evaluation researchFor the city of
Page 119 and 120: and 2009 has found that hostels rol
Page 121 and 122: against money laundering and other
Page 123 and 124: Table 9.1.1: Investigations into mo
Page 125 and 126: amounts, which are considered as me
Page 127 and 128: Opium Act offenders in prisons (fig
Page 129 and 130: cases is increasing. The proportion
Page 131 and 132: property crimes is decreasing, wher
Page 133 and 134: country. They offer a combination o
Page 135: mated 250 to 1,150 detainees in the
Page 139 and 140: Figure 9.3.1: Number of persons per
Page 141 and 142: It is important that detainees are
Page 143 and 144: The coming Law on Compulsory Mental
Page 145 and 146: Over half (53%) of the coffee shops
Page 147 and 148: Research on organised crime shows t
Page 149 and 150: Table 10.2.1: Number of dismantleme
Page 151 and 152: Table 10.3.2: Content of tablets so
Page 153 and 154: caine samples solely contained anot
Page 155 and 156: nabidiol (CBD) - in contributing to
Page 157 and 158: 156
Page 159 and 160: 11 History, methods and implementat
Page 161 and 162: diction care was published in 1997
Page 163 and 164: example, there may be a climate in
Page 165 and 166: tion transfer between physicians an
Page 167 and 168: methadone treatment, and guidelines
Page 169 and 170: 11.3.1 Implementation of guidelines
Page 171 and 172: Institute for Quality in Health Car
Page 173 and 174: For most guidelines, the rate of im
Page 175 and 176: The question has remained how to im
Page 177 and 178: Name of Assessors: André van Gagel
Page 179 and 180: WHO guidelines coherence: only to b
Page 181 and 182: Figure 12.1.1:Number of deaths amon
Page 183 and 184: were about 341 deaths among the pro
Page 186 and 187:
Part C: Bibliography and annexes185
Page 188 and 189:
13 Bibliography13.1 ReferencesAarts
Page 190 and 191:
Burns, T., Fioritti, A., Holloway,
Page 192 and 193:
De Jong I, Dijkstra M, Van der Poel
Page 194 and 195:
Ganpat, S., Wits, E., Schoenmakers,
Page 196 and 197:
Ivens, Y. and Wittenberg, S. (2008)
Page 198 and 199:
Malmberg, M., Overbeek, G., Monshou
Page 200 and 201:
RIEC (2009). Bestuurlijke aanpak va
Page 202 and 203:
Smolders, M., Laurant, M., Van Duin
Page 204 and 205:
T.K.24077-255. Tweede Kamer der Sta
Page 206 and 207:
T.K.32159-5. Tweede Kamer der State
Page 208 and 209:
Van den Berg C, et al. (2007). Majo
Page 210 and 211:
Van Veldhuizen, J.R. (2007). FACT:
Page 212 and 213:
13.2 Alphabetic list of relevant da
Page 214 and 215:
LMR, Landelijke Medische Registrati
Page 216 and 217:
13.3 List of relevant internet addr
Page 218:
http://www.tactus.nl/http://www.ggz
Page 221 and 222:
Table 9.1.1: Investigations into mo
Page 223 and 224:
14.3 List of abbreviations used in
Page 225 and 226:
PPCRIOBRIScRIVMROMSCPSHMSOVSRMSTISV
Page 227 and 228:
226
show all

The Netherlands Drug Situation 2010 - Trimbos-instituut

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?