The Netherlands Drug Situation 2010 - Trimbos-instituut

Figure 5.3.3: Gender distribution by primary drug of clients recorded in 2009 at centresfor addiction treatment*CannabisHallucinogensEcstasyAmphetaminesMaleFemaleCocaineOpiates0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%* Selection of clients based on the TDI protocol. Source: LADIS, IVZ.Route of administrationAccording to the TDI (LADIS, IVZ), injecting drug use among all the new primary drugclients strongly declined from 12% in 1994 to 2% in 2009. Among opiate clients a decreasewas found from 16% in 1994 to 6% in 2009. The main route of administration foropiates in 2009 was smoking or inhaling (78%). Of the cocaine clients, 59% smoked orinhaled and 40% sniffed the drug. Cannabis is mainly smoked (99%), while amphetaminesare sniffed (69%) as well as swallowed (22%).5.3.2 General hospital admissionsAdmissions to a general hospital in the Netherlands are recorded via the Dutch HospitalData (DHD) held by Kiwa Prismant. Figure 5.3.4 shows the number of clinical admissionsto a general hospital because of drug dependence or abuse as a primary or a secondarydiagnosis for opiates, cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamines. In 2009, the DHD recorded a total of 1,914,849 clinical hospital admissions. In thatyear drug dependence and drug abuse were recorded only 608 times as a primary diagnosisand 2,140 times as a secondary diagnosis (ICD-9 codes 304 and 305.2-9). Within the category of admissions related to drug abuse and dependence, opiatesmade up 11% of the primary and 27% of the secondary diagnoses. Cocaine made up16% of the primary and 30% of the secondary diagnoses. Cannabis made up 12% ofthe primary and 24% of the secondary diagnoses. Amphetamines made up 12% ofthe primary and 6% of the secondary diagnoses. Finally, medicines made up 19% ofthe primary diagnoses.75