The Netherlands Drug Situation 2010 - Trimbos-instituut

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Figure 6.1.1 Age distribution at HIV diagnosis in IDUs compared to MSM and heterosexuals,up to 2009Source: RIVM (Vriend et al., 2010).b. A cross sectional serosurvey in male detainees in the South of the Netherlands. Thisstudy aimed to ascertain the seroprevalence of and risk behaviour for HIV, hepatitis Band C among detainees (Schreuder and Van Veen, 2010; Schreuder et al. 2010). It wasthe second step to describe the local situation in the South of the Netherlands with regardto the prevalence of drug related infectious diseases among IDUs. The first step hadbeen an inventory of treatment data from the local addiction care institute (Mondriaan),which has been described in the previous National Report. In summary, based on the(incomplete) treatment data available for 197 injecting and non-injecting drug userssince 2003, the HIV prevalence among drug users in treatment was estimated at 9%. Togain insight in the population not in treatment (second step), it was thought most feasibleto study a prison population. From previous surveys it was known that the majority ofdrug users ever was imprisoned (88% of drug users participating in the Rotterdam survey2002/2003 and 75% of drug users in the Heerlen survey 1999). In total 229 male prisoners were included (78% of the total prison population). Thestudy questionnaire was filled in by 226 persons. The median age of the study populationwas 31 years and 78% of the respondents were 40 years of age or younger(note that in the Netherlands the (I)DU population is aging and many are around theage of 40 years). Hard drugs were ever used by 123 detainees (54%) and 36% of the respondents alsohad used drugs during this stay in prison, but this was mainly marihuana. Ever usingmethadone was reported by 37 persons and 29 used methadone in the past 12months, either prescribed from the medical service in prison (19 of 29) and/or fromthe addiction care (12 of 29). Injecting drugs was rare in this sample, as only 19 detainees (8%) reported that theyhad ever done so. The mean age of first injecting was 21 years. Four drug users reportedinjecting in the last year. Receptive needle or syringe sharing was reported by7 drug users. Injecting in prison was very rare.81
Other risk behaviour included tattooing (55% of the respondents had at least onetattoo, of whom 27% (33/124) had the tattoo made in prison) and a high number ofsexual partners. More than 20 sex partners in life were reported by 41% of the respondents.Only 4 respondents reported MSM contact, of whom 2 also had ever injecteddrugs. There were no reports of sexual contact between detainees.None of the 229 respondents had a positive anti-HIV test result. For the results onhepatitis B and C and a discussion of the results, see the section “hepatitis B and C:treatment data and other sources”.c. The prospective Amsterdam Cohort Studies (ACS) is part of the HIV MonitoringFoundation and a collaboration between the Amsterdam Health Service, the AcademicMedical Centre of Amsterdam, the Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation and the UniversityMedical Centre Utrecht (www.amsterdamcohortstudies.org). The ACS has been carriedout since 1984 among homosexual men and since 1985 among drug users. Since 2000,only young drug users (aged
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Margriet van Laar, Guus Cruts, Andr
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ColophonThis National Report was su
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PREFACEThe Report on the Drug Situa
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9.6 New developments 14110 Drug mar
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these groups are relatively scarce.
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oasted by means of programs to prev
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Part A: New developments and trends
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Regulation Opium Act Exemptions (mi
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Medicinal cannabisOn 6 October 2009
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The Public Administration Probity S
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local circumstances into account. T
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The police district of West and Cen
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treatment for drug addiction. "Labe
Page 32 and 33: 2 Drug use in the population2.1 Dru
Page 34 and 35: Table 2.1.3Annual prevalence and nu
Page 36 and 37: Cannabis and age (of onset)Figure 2
Page 38 and 39: ment of regular cannabis use (4 or
Page 40 and 41: Table 2.3.1Prevalence (%) of substa
Page 42 and 43: the ecstasy (see also § 10.3), som
Page 44 and 45: Table 2.3.2Prevalence of substance
Page 46 and 47: 3 PreventionIntroductionIn the Neth
Page 48 and 49: CVGU). this Centre will support loc
Page 50 and 51: friends list in Windows live Messen
Page 52: entiate for group characteristics l
Page 55 and 56: in the number of problem opiate use
Page 57 and 58: emaining 131 problem hard drug user
Page 59 and 60: The largest difference in the propo
Page 61 and 62: Logistic regression analysis showed
Page 64 and 65: 5 Drug-related treatment: treatment
Page 66 and 67: National performance indicatorsAn i
Page 68 and 69: From May 2010 FACT will be offered
Page 70 and 71: using cannabis, it is developed by
Page 72 and 73: clients received treatment in Amste
Page 74 and 75: Figure 5.3.1: Distribution of new c
Page 76 and 77: Figure 5.3.3: Gender distribution b
Page 78: Table 5.3.1: Clinical admissions to
Page 81: In 2009, 692 new HIV diagnoses were
Page 85 and 86: Of the 168 new AIDS diagnoses in 20
Page 87 and 88: The Municipal Health Service (GGD)
Page 89 and 90: addiction care centre (hepatitis B
Page 91 and 92: o Chronic carriership was found in
Page 93 and 94: (4%), and hallucinogenic mushrooms
Page 95 and 96: Table 6.2.2: Information requests r
Page 97 and 98: 6.3 Drug-related deaths and mortali
Page 99: Figure 6.3.2: Trends in age distrib
Page 103 and 104: Figure 7.2.1 Number of syringes exc
Page 105 and 106: The expert group also discussed the
Page 107 and 108: Iriszorg is further experimenting w
Page 109 and 110: In line with the national policy th
Page 111 and 112: "The proportions of non-Western eth
Page 113 and 114: drugs. However, there is a narrow b
Page 115 and 116: Table 8.2.1: Programs for social re
Page 117 and 118: Evaluation researchFor the city of
Page 119 and 120: and 2009 has found that hostels rol
Page 121 and 122: against money laundering and other
Page 123 and 124: Table 9.1.1: Investigations into mo
Page 125 and 126: amounts, which are considered as me
Page 127 and 128: Opium Act offenders in prisons (fig
Page 129 and 130: cases is increasing. The proportion
Page 131 and 132: property crimes is decreasing, wher
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country. They offer a combination o
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mated 250 to 1,150 detainees in the
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Table 9.3.3: Types of assistance of
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Figure 9.3.1: Number of persons per
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It is important that detainees are
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The coming Law on Compulsory Mental
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Over half (53%) of the coffee shops
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Research on organised crime shows t
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Table 10.2.1: Number of dismantleme
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Table 10.3.2: Content of tablets so
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caine samples solely contained anot
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nabidiol (CBD) - in contributing to
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11 History, methods and implementat
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diction care was published in 1997
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example, there may be a climate in
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tion transfer between physicians an
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methadone treatment, and guidelines
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11.3.1 Implementation of guidelines
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Institute for Quality in Health Car
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For most guidelines, the rate of im
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The question has remained how to im
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Name of Assessors: André van Gagel
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WHO guidelines coherence: only to b
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Figure 12.1.1:Number of deaths amon
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were about 341 deaths among the pro
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Part C: Bibliography and annexes185
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13 Bibliography13.1 ReferencesAarts
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Burns, T., Fioritti, A., Holloway,
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De Jong I, Dijkstra M, Van der Poel
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Ganpat, S., Wits, E., Schoenmakers,
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Ivens, Y. and Wittenberg, S. (2008)
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Malmberg, M., Overbeek, G., Monshou
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RIEC (2009). Bestuurlijke aanpak va
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Smolders, M., Laurant, M., Van Duin
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T.K.24077-255. Tweede Kamer der Sta
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T.K.32159-5. Tweede Kamer der State
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Van den Berg C, et al. (2007). Majo
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Van Veldhuizen, J.R. (2007). FACT:
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13.2 Alphabetic list of relevant da
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LMR, Landelijke Medische Registrati
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13.3 List of relevant internet addr
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http://www.tactus.nl/http://www.ggz
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Table 9.1.1: Investigations into mo
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14.3 List of abbreviations used in
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PPCRIOBRIScRIVMROMSCPSHMSOVSRMSTISV
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