The Netherlands Drug Situation 2010 - Trimbos-instituut

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 2.1.3Annual prevalence and numbers of people with a cannabis-related disorder(m/f). Between brackets: 95% Confidence Intervals. Survey period 2007-2009DisorderCannabis abuseMales(%)0.6(0.2 – 1.0)Females(%)0.2(0.0 – 0.4)Total(%)0.4(0.2 – 0.6)Total(Number)40,2000.40.1Cannabis dependence(0.1 – 0.8) (0.0 – 0.3)Source: Nemesis 2007-2009 (De Graaf et al., 2010).0.3(0.1 – 0.5)29,300Local surveysIn 2008, general health surveys were held among the general population of 16 years andolder in the four big cities: Amsterdam, Utrecht, Rotterdam and the Hague (Van Veelenet al., 2009). A written questionnaire was completed by a total of 20,877 people (responserate 50%) and data were weighted for gender, age group, ethnicity and type ofarea (disadvantaged or not). Questions on cannabis use were restricted to age group 16-54 years. The results showed that last month prevalence of cannabis use was almosttwice as high in Amsterdam (10%) compared to the other cities (5% in Utrecht and theHague and 6% in Rotterdam) (corrected for differences in background characteristics). Inthe total sample, last month prevalence was 7%, with appreciably higher rates amongmen than women (11% against 4%). Cannabis use decreased with increasing age andwas higher among Dutch, Surinamese and Antillean residents compared to Turkish, Moroccanand other non-western immigrants, with highest levels found among 'other western'respondents. Cannabis use was also highest among people who cannot manage ontheir wage and were unmarried or divorced. A comparison of data from 2008 with thosefrom previous surveys held in the period 2003-2005 suggests that cannabis use remainedfairly stable in the past years, at least in these cities.In conclusionDrug use in the general population remained fairly stable between 1997 and 2005. Datafrom local studies as well as a comparison between two different (NPO and NEMESIS-2)suggest that no major changes in cannabis prevalence occurred between 2005 and 2008.2.2 Drug use in the school and youth populationsData on trends in drug use among pupils aged 12-18 years are available from the DutchNational School Surveys on Substance Use carried out every 3 or 4 years since 1988(Online Standard Table 02). The most recent survey was conducted in 2007. In 2008 asurvey was conducted as well among pupils of schools for special education. New data oncannabis use from the 2009 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study willbe available in December 2010 (after the submission of this National report). There aresome new research data on factors related to (initiation of) cannabis use, among othersfrom the TRAILS study (Tracking Adolescents Individual Lives' Survey), and cannabis useand school problems (secondary analysis HBSC 2005/2006).33
2.2.1 Regular secondary schoolsNNIA. The pupils completed written questionnaires in the classroom. Random samplingoccurred in two stages (first at the level of the class room and second at class level). Thefinal net sample of respondents consisted of 7,550 students. In order to analyse trends,data from the different surveys were weighted with respect to gender, level of urbanisationand school type and school class. Until age 16, school attendance is fully compulsory;as of age 16 attendance is required only for unqualified pupils. As the higher schooltypes are overrepresented among pupils of 17-18 years, the data for this age group arenot considered to be representative for youth in general. Overall, the results showed thatdrug use among secondary school pupils increased between 1988 and 1996, and stabilisedor decreased between 1996 and 2007 (see also Online Standard Table 02).Trends in cannabis use Figure 2.2.1 shows that the lifetime and last month prevalence rates of cannabis useincreased steadily between 1988 and 1996. Between 1996 and 2007, lifetime use decreased significantly. This decrease was apparentboth for boys and girls but reached significance only for boys. Last month prevalence rates also significantly decreased between 1996 and 2007.Again, the difference was only significant for boys, although a decreasing trend is alsovisible for girls. In 2003 the gender gap as regards lifetime cannabis use had disappeared for the firsttime, but in 2007 lifetime use of cannabis was again more prevalent among boys thangirls. Concerning last month cannabis use the gender gap became smaller as wellsince 1996, but differences between boys and girls remained significant throughoutthe years. There were no major differences in prevalence rates between Dutch and other ethnicgroups, except for a lower rate of lifetime use among Moroccan pupils (8.1% against16.5% among Dutch pupils).Figure 2.2.1: Trends in lifetime and last month prevalence (%) of cannabis use amongpupils (12-18 years)Lifetime prevalence (%)3025201510501988 1992 1996 1999 2003 2007Boys 10 19 25 23 20 19Girls 7 12 18 16 17 14Total 9 15 22 20 19 17%302520151050Last month prevalence (%)1988 1992 1996 1999 2003 2007Boys 5 9 14 12 10 10Girls 2 4 8 7 7 6Total 4 7 11 9 9 8Source: Dutch National School Survey, Trimbos Institute (Monshouwer et al. 2008).34
Page 1 and 2: Margriet van Laar, Guus Cruts, Andr
Page 3 and 4: ColophonThis National Report was su
Page 6: PREFACEThe Report on the Drug Situa
Page 9 and 10: 9.6 New developments 14110 Drug mar
Page 11 and 12: these groups are relatively scarce.
Page 13 and 14: oasted by means of programs to prev
Page 16: Part A: New developments and trends
Page 19 and 20: Regulation Opium Act Exemptions (mi
Page 21 and 22: Medicinal cannabisOn 6 October 2009
Page 23 and 24: The Public Administration Probity S
Page 25 and 26: local circumstances into account. T
Page 27 and 28: The police district of West and Cen
Page 29 and 30: treatment for drug addiction. "Labe
Page 32 and 33: 2 Drug use in the population2.1 Dru
Page 36 and 37: Cannabis and age (of onset)Figure 2
Page 38 and 39: ment of regular cannabis use (4 or
Page 40 and 41: Table 2.3.1Prevalence (%) of substa
Page 42 and 43: the ecstasy (see also § 10.3), som
Page 44 and 45: Table 2.3.2Prevalence of substance
Page 46 and 47: 3 PreventionIntroductionIn the Neth
Page 48 and 49: CVGU). this Centre will support loc
Page 50 and 51: friends list in Windows live Messen
Page 52: entiate for group characteristics l
Page 55 and 56: in the number of problem opiate use
Page 57 and 58: emaining 131 problem hard drug user
Page 59 and 60: The largest difference in the propo
Page 61 and 62: Logistic regression analysis showed
Page 64 and 65: 5 Drug-related treatment: treatment
Page 66 and 67: National performance indicatorsAn i
Page 68 and 69: From May 2010 FACT will be offered
Page 70 and 71: using cannabis, it is developed by
Page 72 and 73: clients received treatment in Amste
Page 74 and 75: Figure 5.3.1: Distribution of new c
Page 76 and 77: Figure 5.3.3: Gender distribution b
Page 78: Table 5.3.1: Clinical admissions to
Page 81 and 82: In 2009, 692 new HIV diagnoses were
Page 83 and 84: Other risk behaviour included tatto
Page 85 and 86:
Of the 168 new AIDS diagnoses in 20
Page 87 and 88:
The Municipal Health Service (GGD)
Page 89 and 90:
addiction care centre (hepatitis B
Page 91 and 92:
o Chronic carriership was found in
Page 93 and 94:
(4%), and hallucinogenic mushrooms
Page 95 and 96:
Table 6.2.2: Information requests r
Page 97 and 98:
6.3 Drug-related deaths and mortali
Page 99:
Figure 6.3.2: Trends in age distrib
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 7.2.1 Number of syringes exc
Page 105 and 106:
The expert group also discussed the
Page 107 and 108:
Iriszorg is further experimenting w
Page 109 and 110:
In line with the national policy th
Page 111 and 112:
"The proportions of non-Western eth
Page 113 and 114:
drugs. However, there is a narrow b
Page 115 and 116:
Table 8.2.1: Programs for social re
Page 117 and 118:
Evaluation researchFor the city of
Page 119 and 120:
and 2009 has found that hostels rol
Page 121 and 122:
against money laundering and other
Page 123 and 124:
Table 9.1.1: Investigations into mo
Page 125 and 126:
amounts, which are considered as me
Page 127 and 128:
Opium Act offenders in prisons (fig
Page 129 and 130:
cases is increasing. The proportion
Page 131 and 132:
property crimes is decreasing, wher
Page 133 and 134:
country. They offer a combination o
Page 135 and 136:
mated 250 to 1,150 detainees in the
Page 137 and 138:
Table 9.3.3: Types of assistance of
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 9.3.1: Number of persons per
Page 141 and 142:
It is important that detainees are
Page 143 and 144:
The coming Law on Compulsory Mental
Page 145 and 146:
Over half (53%) of the coffee shops
Page 147 and 148:
Research on organised crime shows t
Page 149 and 150:
Table 10.2.1: Number of dismantleme
Page 151 and 152:
Table 10.3.2: Content of tablets so
Page 153 and 154:
caine samples solely contained anot
Page 155 and 156:
nabidiol (CBD) - in contributing to
Page 157 and 158:
156
Page 159 and 160:
11 History, methods and implementat
Page 161 and 162:
diction care was published in 1997
Page 163 and 164:
example, there may be a climate in
Page 165 and 166:
tion transfer between physicians an
Page 167 and 168:
methadone treatment, and guidelines
Page 169 and 170:
11.3.1 Implementation of guidelines
Page 171 and 172:
Institute for Quality in Health Car
Page 173 and 174:
For most guidelines, the rate of im
Page 175 and 176:
The question has remained how to im
Page 177 and 178:
Name of Assessors: André van Gagel
Page 179 and 180:
WHO guidelines coherence: only to b
Page 181 and 182:
Figure 12.1.1:Number of deaths amon
Page 183 and 184:
were about 341 deaths among the pro
Page 186 and 187:
Part C: Bibliography and annexes185
Page 188 and 189:
13 Bibliography13.1 ReferencesAarts
Page 190 and 191:
Burns, T., Fioritti, A., Holloway,
Page 192 and 193:
De Jong I, Dijkstra M, Van der Poel
Page 194 and 195:
Ganpat, S., Wits, E., Schoenmakers,
Page 196 and 197:
Ivens, Y. and Wittenberg, S. (2008)
Page 198 and 199:
Malmberg, M., Overbeek, G., Monshou
Page 200 and 201:
RIEC (2009). Bestuurlijke aanpak va
Page 202 and 203:
Smolders, M., Laurant, M., Van Duin
Page 204 and 205:
T.K.24077-255. Tweede Kamer der Sta
Page 206 and 207:
T.K.32159-5. Tweede Kamer der State
Page 208 and 209:
Van den Berg C, et al. (2007). Majo
Page 210 and 211:
Van Veldhuizen, J.R. (2007). FACT:
Page 212 and 213:
13.2 Alphabetic list of relevant da
Page 214 and 215:
LMR, Landelijke Medische Registrati
Page 216 and 217:
13.3 List of relevant internet addr
Page 218:
http://www.tactus.nl/http://www.ggz
Page 221 and 222:
Table 9.1.1: Investigations into mo
Page 223 and 224:
14.3 List of abbreviations used in
Page 225 and 226:
PPCRIOBRIScRIVMROMSCPSHMSOVSRMSTISV
Page 227 and 228:
226
show all

The Netherlands Drug Situation 2010 - Trimbos-instituut

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?