The Netherlands Drug Situation 2010 - Trimbos-instituut

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Measure of Placement in an Institution for Prolific Offenders (ISD) Since 2004, the measure of Placement in an Institution for Prolific Offenders ISD) isin force (Stb 2004-471). This is a judicial measure for prolific offenders of over 18years old. ISD can be applied for a maximum of two years. The aim of the measure istwofold: to safeguard society from the frequent offences committed by prolific offendersby incapacitation of the offenders and to improve the individual situation ofoffenders, in order to reduce their recidivism. Several studies into ISD-participantsshow that the large majority is a problematic drug user. ISD is executed in eight penitentiary institutions which are especially equipped forISD-detainees. The capacity is 1,000 places. Until July 2010 the measure was imposed by the Judge 1,888 times:o 16 persons in 2004o 339 in 2005o 407 in 2006o 341 in 2007o 349 in 2008o 282 in 2009o 120 in 2010 (until July 1).There is a decrease in 2009 compared to 2008 (Tollenaar et al. 2010). In January 2005, the first participants entered ISD. The number increased until 2008.Since then, a decrease occurred (figure 9.3.1). In 2009 there were a mean of 528persons (in 2008: 607) per month under the ISD. The highest number that wasreached until now was 679; this was in June and August 2007. There are big differencesper region and institution. ISD changed in the course of time: more efforts are placed on motivating offenders toparticipate in behavioural interventions and care, inside the penitentiary institutions(“trajectory in prison”) or outside in regular care facilities (“trajectory outside prison”).Those who cannot be motivated or for whom no interventions are available stayin a “regular prison regime”. In 2009 and the first half of 2010, a mean of 18% of all participants per monthstayed in regular prison regime (figure 9.3.2). A mean of 57% of all participants permonth participated in trajectory regimes in prison and 25% stayed outside prison. It can be concluded that a decreasing minority of the persons who are convicted to ameasure of ISD stay in a regular prison regime without behavioural interventions.The majority participates in interventions that aim at reintegration and reduction ofcriminal recidivism after release from ISD. There is a growing tendency towards participationin care programmes outside prison as an alternative to imprisonment.137
Figure 9.3.1: Number of persons per month in Institutions for Prolific Offenders I , January2005-June 20107006005004003002001000jan-05Aug Mar Oct May Dec July Feb Sept Aprno of participantsI. Including those in trajectories outside prison. Source: Service for Judicial Facilities, 2010.Figure 9.3.2: Number of participants in Institutions for Prolific Offenders per month intrajectories outside prison, trajectories in prison and regular prison regime,2007-June 2010100%80%sep nov jan-09 nov jan-1060%trajectory outside prisonjan-07 mar may jul sep nov jan-08 mar may jul mar may jul sep mar may trajectory in prison40%regular prison regime20%0%Source: Service for Judicial Facilities, 2010.Recent research showed that the group of ISD-convicted (n=58 in one ISD institution;Ganpat et al 2009) consists of three categories: Subgroup I: persons who have problems with more than one drug, suffer from psychiatricof psychic problems, and have low intellectual abilities This group is the majority(53%). Subgroup II: persons who have problems with more than one drug, who have a meanIQ and no co-morbid psychiatric or psychic problems (38%). Subgroup II: persons who use one or no drug and have a high IQ. Half of this groupsuffers from psychiatric and psychic problems. This group is a minority (9%).138
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Margriet van Laar, Guus Cruts, Andr
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ColophonThis National Report was su
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PREFACEThe Report on the Drug Situa
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9.6 New developments 14110 Drug mar
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these groups are relatively scarce.
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oasted by means of programs to prev
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Part A: New developments and trends
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Regulation Opium Act Exemptions (mi
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Medicinal cannabisOn 6 October 2009
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The Public Administration Probity S
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local circumstances into account. T
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The police district of West and Cen
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treatment for drug addiction. "Labe
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2 Drug use in the population2.1 Dru
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Table 2.1.3Annual prevalence and nu
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Cannabis and age (of onset)Figure 2
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ment of regular cannabis use (4 or
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Table 2.3.1Prevalence (%) of substa
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the ecstasy (see also § 10.3), som
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Table 2.3.2Prevalence of substance
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3 PreventionIntroductionIn the Neth
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CVGU). this Centre will support loc
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friends list in Windows live Messen
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entiate for group characteristics l
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in the number of problem opiate use
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emaining 131 problem hard drug user
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The largest difference in the propo
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Logistic regression analysis showed
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5 Drug-related treatment: treatment
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National performance indicatorsAn i
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From May 2010 FACT will be offered
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using cannabis, it is developed by
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clients received treatment in Amste
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Figure 5.3.1: Distribution of new c
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Figure 5.3.3: Gender distribution b
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Table 5.3.1: Clinical admissions to
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In 2009, 692 new HIV diagnoses were
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Other risk behaviour included tatto
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Of the 168 new AIDS diagnoses in 20
Page 87 and 88: The Municipal Health Service (GGD)
Page 89 and 90: addiction care centre (hepatitis B
Page 91 and 92: o Chronic carriership was found in
Page 93 and 94: (4%), and hallucinogenic mushrooms
Page 95 and 96: Table 6.2.2: Information requests r
Page 97 and 98: 6.3 Drug-related deaths and mortali
Page 99: Figure 6.3.2: Trends in age distrib
Page 103 and 104: Figure 7.2.1 Number of syringes exc
Page 105 and 106: The expert group also discussed the
Page 107 and 108: Iriszorg is further experimenting w
Page 109 and 110: In line with the national policy th
Page 111 and 112: "The proportions of non-Western eth
Page 113 and 114: drugs. However, there is a narrow b
Page 115 and 116: Table 8.2.1: Programs for social re
Page 117 and 118: Evaluation researchFor the city of
Page 119 and 120: and 2009 has found that hostels rol
Page 121 and 122: against money laundering and other
Page 123 and 124: Table 9.1.1: Investigations into mo
Page 125 and 126: amounts, which are considered as me
Page 127 and 128: Opium Act offenders in prisons (fig
Page 129 and 130: cases is increasing. The proportion
Page 131 and 132: property crimes is decreasing, wher
Page 133 and 134: country. They offer a combination o
Page 135 and 136: mated 250 to 1,150 detainees in the
Page 137: Table 9.3.3: Types of assistance of
Page 141 and 142: It is important that detainees are
Page 143 and 144: The coming Law on Compulsory Mental
Page 145 and 146: Over half (53%) of the coffee shops
Page 147 and 148: Research on organised crime shows t
Page 149 and 150: Table 10.2.1: Number of dismantleme
Page 151 and 152: Table 10.3.2: Content of tablets so
Page 153 and 154: caine samples solely contained anot
Page 155 and 156: nabidiol (CBD) - in contributing to
Page 157 and 158: 156
Page 159 and 160: 11 History, methods and implementat
Page 161 and 162: diction care was published in 1997
Page 163 and 164: example, there may be a climate in
Page 165 and 166: tion transfer between physicians an
Page 167 and 168: methadone treatment, and guidelines
Page 169 and 170: 11.3.1 Implementation of guidelines
Page 171 and 172: Institute for Quality in Health Car
Page 173 and 174: For most guidelines, the rate of im
Page 175 and 176: The question has remained how to im
Page 177 and 178: Name of Assessors: André van Gagel
Page 179 and 180: WHO guidelines coherence: only to b
Page 181 and 182: Figure 12.1.1:Number of deaths amon
Page 183 and 184: were about 341 deaths among the pro
Page 186 and 187: Part C: Bibliography and annexes185
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13 Bibliography13.1 ReferencesAarts
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Burns, T., Fioritti, A., Holloway,
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De Jong I, Dijkstra M, Van der Poel
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Ganpat, S., Wits, E., Schoenmakers,
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Ivens, Y. and Wittenberg, S. (2008)
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Malmberg, M., Overbeek, G., Monshou
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RIEC (2009). Bestuurlijke aanpak va
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Smolders, M., Laurant, M., Van Duin
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T.K.24077-255. Tweede Kamer der Sta
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T.K.32159-5. Tweede Kamer der State
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Van den Berg C, et al. (2007). Majo
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Van Veldhuizen, J.R. (2007). FACT:
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13.2 Alphabetic list of relevant da
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LMR, Landelijke Medische Registrati
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13.3 List of relevant internet addr
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http://www.tactus.nl/http://www.ggz
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Table 9.1.1: Investigations into mo
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14.3 List of abbreviations used in
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PPCRIOBRIScRIVMROMSCPSHMSOVSRMSTISV
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