Appendix - Peak District National Park Authority

14.0 GLOSSARYAgrarian Of the land or its cultivation.Ancillary In architectural terms this usually refers to a secondary structure, for instance stables oroutbuilding.Ancient Monument An cient monu ments a re le gally prote cted arch aeological site s and b uildingsdesignated under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. It is anoffence to carry out works to them without the written consent of the Secretary of State.AshlarMasonry that has been carefully cut, dres sed and squared, to b e employed as facingstone in finely jointed level courses.Coped gables Gable walls that have a course of flat stone laid on top.Curtilage Area attached to a house and forming one enclosure with it.Dormer window Window placed vertically in the sloping plane of a roof (Pevsner, 2002).Double pile plan The building is entirely two rooms in depth (Brunskill, 2000).Drip moulds A horizontal moulding for throwing water off and so protecting the windows immediatelybelow. Drip moulds are also used on chimneys.Enclosure Award Between the mid-18t h and late -19th centuries a large amount of waste and commonland was enclosed in Engl and and Wales. This en closure movement was undertakenunder the strong belief in the need for agricultural improvement amongst landowners atthe time. T o encl ose la nd the distri bution of the newly encl osed field s ha d to beapproved. This approval could be via an Act of Parliament, the central courts or privateagreement between local landowners. In all legally ratified cases, and some privatelyagreed examples, an enclosure award setting down the agreed extent and layout of theenclosure in writing a nd a corre sponding plan was drawn up. The level of accura cyand detail that allotment boundaries were planned to is usually good, but in many casesthe subdivisions into individual fields were not shown. Their cov erage therefore variesfrom one area to another. In the case of Parliamentary Awards these were often doneon a parish by parish basis.HERHollowayHistoric Environment Record (HER)A sunken track worn down over time, with slightly raised sides.Hood mouldings Projecting moulding above an arch or a lintel to throw-off water (Pevsner, 2002).Kneeler Horizontal decorative projection at the base of a gable (Pevsner, 2002).Lintel Horizontal beam or stone bridging an opening (Pevsner, 2002).MullionVertical posts or uprights dividing a window into ‘lights’ (Pevsner, 2002). Mullions canbe shaped or chamfered which can give an indication as to age.Neolithic The prehistoric period which comes between the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) and theBronze Age, dating roughly from 4000 to 2000 BC. This was the time of the adoption ofthe first a gricultural p ractices, incl uding ce real cultivation, but more im portantly therearing of d omesticated animals, including herds of cattle and fl ocks of sheep. In thebeginning, farmers moved around the landscape with their herds, much as they had inthe Mesolithic (except they took animals with them rather than following wild game). Itwas only after more than a thousand years that they settled in mo re ‘permanent’ farmswhich th ey su rrounded by he dged fields. T hey built i mpressive ceremonialmonuments, often used to establish traditional right to the u se of land, by burying thebones of the ancestors to overlook pastures.ParishPedimentThe smallest unit of local government is the civil parish. In some a reas this covers thesame area as an eccle siastical parish which is the area of juri sdiction covered by theparish ch urch. Eccle siastical p arishes ar e alm ost always the remain s of M edievalmanors especially in rural areas and many have remained unaltered in their boundariessince the M edieval pe riod. Howeve r, in the Peak Distri ct man y parish es b ecamedefined by the boundaries of Townships.The classical equivalent of a gable, often used without any relation to a roof. Oftenused over an opening, particularly doorways.53