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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS : AGRI-CHEMICAL USE WITH GM CROPS3. Kranthi K R (2010) : Bt cotton- A critical appraisal, Annexure to Bt brinjaldecision note, Ministry of Environment and Forests, 180- 190, http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/Annex_BT.pdf along with KranthiK R (2012) : Bt Cotton: Questions & Answers, Indian Society for CottonImprovement, MumbaiPesticides : Spending more-and more (Estimated value in Rs. Crore*)Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Insecticide use in Cotton 597.00 925.00 1032.00 649.00 579.00 733.00 790.61 833.65 880.40Fungicide use in Cotton 3.37 7.76 5.96 8.45 11.14 24.77 31.50 52.23 66.86Herbicide use in Cotton 0.52 3.38 3.88 7.75 11.82 21.53 26.10 45.47 86.85Total insecticide use in Agriculture 1683.00 2146.00 2455.00 2086.00 2223.00 2880.00 3282.00 3909.00 4283.00Total pesticide use in Agriculture 2622.30 3147.40 3581.38 2438.84 3395.99 4697.03 5293.30 6998.82 7683.60* Quantities in litre or kg do not represent the real trends. New generation insecticides are used at 100-200 ml per hectare with 10-50 gm active ingredient in them ascompared to conventional insecticides which were used at 3-5 litres per hectare with 500 gm to 2 kg active ingredient. Therefore, the net insecticide quantity wouldshow significant reduction although farmers have spent more; Source : Central Institute for Cotton Researchhttp://www.downtoearth.org.in/dte/userfiles/images/20l_31072011.jpg4. Young, B. G. (2006) : Changes in herbicide use patterns and productionpractices resulting from glyphosate-resistant crops. Weed Technol 20 :301-307.Recent shifts in herbicide use patterns can be attributed to rapid, large-scaleadoption of glyphosate-resistant soybean and cotton. A dramatic increase inglyphosate use is the most obvious change associated with the adoption ofglyphosate-resistant crops. Consequently, the diversity of herbicides used forweed management in these crops has declined, particularly in soybean. To date,the availability of glyphosate-resistant corn has limited the use of glyphosate incorn. While exploiting the benefits of glyphosate-resistant crops, many growershave abandoned the principles of sound weed and herbicide-resistancemanagement. Instead of incorporating glyphosate into a resistance managementstrategy utilizing multiple herbicide sites of action, many growers rely exclusivelyupon glyphosate for weed control. Although it is difficult to establish a clearrelationship between the adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops and changes inother crop production practices, the increase in no-till and strip-till production ofcotton and soybean between 1995 and 2002 may have been facilitated byglyphosate-resistant crops.http://www.wssajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1614/WT-04-189.15. Arregui MC, Lenardon A, Sanchez D, Maitre MI, Scotta R, Enrique S (2004).Monitoring glyphosate residues in transgenic glyphosate-resistantsoybean. Pest Manag Sci. 60:163-166.The availability of Roundup Ready (RR) varieties of soybean has increased theuse of glyphosate for weed control in Argentina. Glyphosate [(N-(143)