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ADVERSE IMPACTS OF TRANSGENIC CROPS/FOODS :A COMPILATION OF SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES WITH ABSTRACTStransgenic or non-transgenic corn may be due to the absence of the Btprotein inthe phloem. In prey combinations with S. littoralis and R. padi, all three larvalstages of C. carnea showed a preference for R. padi regardless whether they hadfed on transgenic or non-transgenic corn. These findings are discussed in contextwith biological control and pest resistance development.10. Hedrick, P. W. (2001) : Invasion of transgenes from salmon or othergenetically modified organisms into natural populations. Canadian Journalof Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58:841–844In recent years, there has been widespread concern about the ecological andgenetic effects of genetically modified organisms. In salmon and other fishes,transgenic growth hormone genes have been shown to have large effects on sizeand various traits related to fitness. In this paper, I have shown by using adeterministic model that if such a transgene has a male-mating advantage and ageneral viability disadvantage, then the conditions for its invasion in a naturalpopulation are very broad. More specifically, for 66.7% of the possible combinationsof the possible mating and viability parameters, the transgene increases infrequency, and for 50% of the combinations, it goes to fixation.In addition, by this increase in the frequency of the transgene, the viability of thenatural population is reduced, increasing the probability of extinction of the naturalpopulation. These findings provide independent confirmation of previous concernsabout the inherent risks of transgenic organisms, especially for native salmonpopulations potentially affected by commercial salmon production usingtransgenic stocks.11. Hilbeck A (2001) : Implications of transgenic, insecticidal plants for insectand plant biodiversity. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution andSystematics, 4(1), 43-61In this paper possible implications of non-target effects for insect and plantbiodiversity are discussed and a case example of such non-target effects ispresented. In a multiple year research project, tritrophic and bitrophic effects oftransgenic corn, expressing the gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt-corn) thatcodes for the high expression of an insecticidal toxin (Cry1Ab), on the naturalenemy species, Chrysoperla carnea (the green lacewing), was investigated. Inthese laboratory trials, we found prey-mediated effects of transgenic Bt-corncausing significantly higher mortality of C. carnea larvae. In further laboratorytrials, we confirmed that the route of exposure (fed directly or via a herbivorousprey) and the origin of the Bt (from transgenic plants or incorporated into artificialdiet) strongly influenced the degree of mortality. In choice feeding trials where C.carnea could choose between Spodoptera littoralis fed transgenic Bt-corn and S.littoralis fed non-transgenic corn, larger instars showed a significant preferencefor S. littoralis fed non-transgenic corn while this was not the case when thechoice was between Bt- and isogenic corn fed aphids. Field implications of these(150)