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ADVERSE IMPACTS OF TRANSGENIC CROPS/FOODS :A COMPILATION OF SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES WITH ABSTRACTSThe United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires no testing ofB.t. for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or chronic toxicity.Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki: There have been few experimental studiesassessing the toxiciy of B.t.k. to humans. Most information comes fromoccupational exposures, or from exposures occurring during large-scale B.t.k.programs. 28 Human volunteers suffered from nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, coliclikepains, and fever after eating food contaminated with one B.t. strain, B.t. var.galleriae. These examples indicate the close relationship between B.t. anddisease-causing pathogens.Increased Susceptibility People with compromised immune systems orpreexisting allergies may be particularly susceptible to the effects of B.t.Development of resistance occurs faster when larger amounts of a pesticide areused, so that use of crop plants genetically-engineered to produce the B.t. toxincould dramatically increase the number of B.t.-resistant insects.http://eap.mcgill.ca/MagRack/JPR/JPR_22.htm* * *(40)
GLYPHOSATE & OTHER HERBICIDES1. M. Cuhra.M, Traavik T, Bohn T (2013) : Clone- and age-dependent toxicityof a glyphosate commercial formulation and its active ingredient in Daphniamagna. Ecotoxicology 22 : 251–262.Low levels of glyphosate based herbicide induced significant negative effects onthe aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. Glyphosate herbicides such as brandsof Roundup, are known to be toxic to daphnids. However, published findings onacute toxicity show significant discrepancies and variation across several ordersof magnitude. To test the acute effects of both glyphosate and a commercialformulation of Roundup (hereafter Roundup), we conducted a series of exposureexperiments with different clones and age-classes of D. magna. The resultsdemonstrated EC 50 (48) values in the low ppm-range for Roundup as well as forthe active ingredient (a.i.) isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (glyphosate IPA)alone. Roundup showed slightly lower acute toxicity than glyphosate IPA alone,i.e. EC50 values of 3.7–10.6 mg a.i./l, as compared to 1.4–7.2 mg a.i./l forglyphosate IPA. However, in chronic toxicity tests spanning the whole life-cycle,Roundup was more toxic. D. magna was exposed to sublethal nominalconcentrations of 0.05, 0.15, 0.45, 1.35 and 4.05 mg a.i./l for 55 days. Significantreduction of juvenile size was observed even in the lowest test concentrations of0.05 mg a.i./l, for both glyphosate and Roundup. At 0.45 mg a.i./l, growth, fecundityand abortion rate was affected, but only in animals exposed to Roundup. At 1.35and 4.05 mg a.i./l of both glyphosate and Roundup, significant negative effectswere seen on most tested parameters, including mortality. D. magna was adverselyaffected by a near 100 % abortion rate of eggs and embryonic stages at 1.35 mga.i./l of Roundup. The results indicate that aquatic invertebrate ecology can beadversely affected by relevant ambient concentrations of this major herbicide. Weconclude that glyphosate and Roundup toxicity to aquatic invertebrates have beenunderestimated and that current European Commission and US EPA toxicityclassification of these chemicals need to be revised.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10646-012-1021-12. Kruger M, Schrodl W, Neuhaus J and Shehata A A, (2013) : Fieldinvestigations of glyphosate in urine of Danish dairy cows, J Environ AnalToxicol. 3:5.In the present study, thirty dairy cows from each of eight Danish dairy farms wereinvestigated for excretion of glyphosate in urine. Blood serum parametersindicative of cytotoxicity as alkaline phosphatase (AP), glutamate dehydrogenase(GLDH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), creatinine kinase CK),nephrotoxicity, (urea,creatine), cholesterol and the trace elements as manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co),selenium (Se), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were investigated. All cows excretedglyphosate in their urine but in varying concentrations. Increased levels of GLDH,GOT and CK in cows from all farms demonstrate a possible effect of glyphosate(41)
Page 1 and 2: ADVERSE IMPACTS OF TRANSGENIC CROPS
Page 3 and 4: ADVERSE IMPACTS OFTRANSGENIC CROPS/
Page 5 and 6: ABOUT THIS BOOKThis is what eminent
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORDThe debate around GMOs in o
Page 9 and 10: IMPRECISION & UNPREDICTABILITY OF S
Page 43 and 44: HEALTH IMPACTSBt TOXIN1. Mezzomo, B
Page 45 and 46: HEALTH IMPACTS : Bt TOXIN4. Vazquez
Page 47: HEALTH IMPACTS : Bt TOXIN8. Vazquez
Page 51 and 52: HEALTH IMPACTS : GLYPHOSATE & OTHER
Page 75 and 76: GENETIC ENGINEERING & HEALTH IMPACT
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CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION1
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS1. Niels Holst
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSsignificantly
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSrelevant conce
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSconsumption of
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS14. Obrist L.B
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSavailable that
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS19. Harwood J.
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS[Roundup] and
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS26. Saxena D a
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSoccur on A. sy
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSuntreated clea
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS : SUPER WEEDS
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS : PEST DYNAMI
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS : AGRI-CHEMIC
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BIODIVERSITY1. Krista B. Oke, Peter
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS : BIODIVERSIT
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS : SOIL IMPACT
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HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER1. Spisak S
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HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER5. Douville
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GENE FLOW, CONTAMINATION & FIELD TR
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YIELD MYTHS WITH GM CROPSpromoted a
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YIELD MYTHS WITH GM CROPSSuch prior
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YIELD MYTHS WITH GM CROPS11. US Dep
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OTHER RELATED PAPERS(Regulation, Et
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SOME UNPUBLISHED BUT IMPORTANT PAPE
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SOME UNPUBLISHED BUT IMPORTANT PAPE
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