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ADVERSE IMPACTS OF TRANSGENIC CROPS/FOODS :A COMPILATION OF SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES WITH ABSTRACTS56. Inose T and Murata K (1995) : Enhanced accumulation of toxic compoundin yeast cells having high glycolytic activity – a case study on the safetyof genetically engineered yeast. Int Journal of Food Sci. and Tech. Vol.30, 141-146.The cellular level of methylglyoxal (MG), a highly toxic 2-oxoaldehyde, inSaccharomyces cerevisiae cells transformed with genes for some of the glycolyticenzymes was determined as an index of the safety of genetically engineeredyeast and the level was compared with that in non-transformed control cells. thephosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphofructokinase (PFK) andtriosephosphate isomerase (TPI) activities significantly increased in thetransformants and were approximately five-, three- and sevenfold higher,respectively, than those in the control. When these transformed cells were usedfor alcohol fermentation from glucose, they accumulated MG in cells at a levelsufficient to induce mutagenicity. These results illustrate that careful thought shouldbe given to the potential metabolic products and their safety when a geneticallyengineered yeast is applied to food-related fermentation processes.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.13652621.1995.tb01365.x/Abstract57. Dougherty W G and Parks T D (1995) : Transgenes and gene suppression:telling us something new?. Curr Opin Cell Biol. Vol. 7(3) : 399-405.Transgenes provide unique opportunities to assess the relationship betweengenotype and phenotype in an organism. In most cases, introduction andsubsequent expression of a transgene will increase (with a sense RNA) ordecrease (with an antisense RNA) the steady-state level of a specific gene product.However, a number of surprising observations have been made in the course ofmany transgenic studies. We develop a hypothesis that suggests that manyexamples of endogenous gene suppression by either antisense or sensetranscripts are mediated by the same cellular mechanism.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/766237158. Linda A. Castle, Deena Errampalli, Tammy L. Atherton, Linda H.Franzmann, Elizabeth S. Yoon, David W. Meinke (1993) : Genetic andmolecular characterization of embryonic mutants identified following seedtransformation in Arabidopsis. Molecular and General Genetics MGG. 241:5-6 : 504-514Over 5000 transgenic families of Arabidopsis thaliana produced following seedtransformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens were screened for embryoniclethals, defectives, and pattern mutants. One hundred and seventy-eight mutantswith a wide range of developmental abnormalities were identified. Forty-onemutants appear from genetic studies to be tagged (36% of the 115 mutantsexamined in detail). Mapping with visible markers demonstrated that mutant geneswere randomly distributed throughout the genome. Seven mutant families(32)