omb3dyw

GENETIC ENGINEERING & HEALTH IMPACTS10. Joël Spiroux de Vendômois, Dominique Cellier, Christian Velot, Emilie Clair,Robin Mesnage, and Gilles-Eric Seralini (2010) : Debate on GMOs HealthRisks after Statistical Findings in Regulatory Tests. Int J Biol Sci. 6(6):590–598.We summarize the major points of international debate on health risk studies forthe main commercialized edible GMOs. These GMOs are soy, maize and oilseedrape designed to contain new pesticide residues since they have been modifiedto be herbicide-tolerant (mostly to Roundup) or to produce mutated Bt toxins. Thedebated alimentary chronic risks may come from unpredictable insertionalmutagenesis effects, metabolic effects, or from the new pesticide residues. Themost detailed regulatory tests on the GMOs are three-month long feeding trials oflaboratory rats, which are biochemically assessed. The tests are not compulsory,and are not independently conducted. The test data and the corresponding resultsare kept in secret by the companies. Our previous analyses of regulatory raw dataat these levels, taking the representative examples of three GM maize NK 603,MON 810, and MON 863 led us to conclude that hepatorenal toxicities werepossible, and that longer testing was necessary. Our study was criticized by thecompany developing the GMOs in question and the regulatory bodies, mainly onthe divergent biological interpretations of statistically significant biochemical andphysiological effects. We present the scientific reasons for the crucially differentbiological interpretations and also highlight the shortcomings in the experimentalprotocols designed by the company. The debate implies an enormousresponsibility towards public health and is essential due to nonexistent traceabilityor epidemiological studies in the GMO-producing countries.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2952409/?report=abstract11. Tudisco R., Mastellone V., Cutrignelli M.I, Lombardi P, Bovera F., MirabellaN., Piccolo G., Calabro S., Avallone L., Infascelli F. (2010) : Fate of transgenicDNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modifiedsoybean and in their offsprings. Animal. The Animal Consortium: 1-10;4:1662-1671The presence of DNA fragments in blood and milk from goats fed conventional(control) or Roundup Ready® soybean meal solvent extracted (s.e.; treated) wasinvestigated by using a polymerase chain reaction approach. The sameinvestigation was carried out on blood, skeletal muscle and organs from kids ofboth groups fed only dams’ milk until weaning. Moreover, the possible effects oncell metabolism were evaluated by determination of several specific enzymes inserum, heart, skeletal muscle, liver and kidney. Fragments of the multicopychloroplast (trnL) gene were found in blood and milk samples from goats of bothgroups. In kids, the chloroplast fragments were found in samples of both groups.In samples, which proved positive for the presence of chloroplast DNA, fragmentsof the specific soybean single copy gene (lectin) were detected in several bloodand milk samples. The same fragment was also found in control and treatedgroups of kids. Transgenic fragments were not found in those samples, which(71)