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May;44(5):1360-8. By Threapleton DE, GreenwoodDC, Evans CE, et al. from School of Food Science& Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.D.E.Threapleton@Leeds.ac.ukBACKGROUND: Fiber intake is associatedwith reduced stroke risk in prospective studies,but no meta-analysis has been published to date.METHODS: Multiple electronic databaseswere searched for healthy participant studies reportingfiber intake and incidence of first hemorrhagicor ischemic stroke, published betweenJanuary 1990 and May 2012.RESULTS: Eight cohort studies from theUnited States, northern Europe, Australia, andJapan met inclusion criteria. Total dietary fiberintake was inversely associated with risk of hemorrhagicplus ischemic stroke, with some evidenceof heterogeneity between studies (I(2);relative risk per 7 g/day, 0.93; 95% confidenceinterval, 0.88-0.98; I(2)=59%). Soluble fiber intake,per 4 g/day, was not associated with strokerisk reduction with evidence of low heterogeneitybetween studies, relative risk 0.94 (95% confidenceinterval, 0.88-1.01; I(2)=21%). Therewere few studies reporting stroke risk in relationto insoluble fiber or fiber from cereals, fruit, orvegetables.CONCLUSIONS: Greater dietary fiber intakeis significantly associated with lower risk of firststroke. Overall, findings support dietary recommendationsto increase intake of totaldietary fiber. However, a paucity of data onfiber from different foods precludes conclusionsregarding the association between fiber type andstroke. There is a need for future studies to focuson fiber type and to examine risk for ischemicand hemorrhagic strokes separately.h t t p : / / s t r o k e . a h a j o u r n a l s . o r g /content/44/5/1360.longNutritional support and functional capacity inchronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Respirology. 2013May;18(4):616-29. By Collins PF, Elia M, StrattonRJ. From Institute of Human Nutrition, SouthamptonGeneral Hospital, University of Southampton,Southampton, UK.Currently, there is confusion about the valueof using nutritional support to treat malnutritionand improve functional outcomes in chronic obstructivepulmonary disease (COPD). This systematicreview and meta-analysis of randomized,controlled trials (RCT) aimed to clarify the effectivenessof nutritional support in improving functionaloutcomes in COPD. A systematicreview identified 12 RCT (n = 448) in stableCOPD patients investigating the effectsof nutritional support (dietary advice (1 RCT),oral nutritional supplements (10 RCT), enteraltube feeding (1 RCT)) versus control on functionaloutcomes. Meta-analysis of the changes inducedby intervention found that while respiratoryfunction (forced expiratory volume in 1 s,lung capacity, blood gases) was unresponsiveto nutritional support, both inspiratory and expiratorymuscle strength (maximal inspiratory12 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) Volume 3, Issue No. 3