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mouth pressure +3.86 standard error (SE) 1.89cm H2 O, P = 0.041; maximal expiratory mouthpressure +11.85 SE 5.54 cm H2 O, P = 0.032) andhandgrip strength (+1.35 SE 0.69 kg, P = 0.05)were significantly improved and associated withweight gains of ≥2 kg. Nutritional supportproduced significant improvements in qualityof life in some trials, although meta-analysiswas not possible. It also led to improved exerciseperformance and enhancement of exercise rehabilitationprogrammes. This systematicreview and meta-analysis demonstratesthat nutritional support in COPD results in significantimprovements in a number of clinically relevantfunctional outcomes, complementing a previousreview showing improvements innutritionalintake and weight.Systematic review and meta-analysis of differentdietary approaches to the management of type2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Mar;97(3):505-16. By Ajala O, English P, Pinkney J. from Dept ofDiabetes and Endocrinology, Peninsula College ofMedicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK. olubukola.ajala@nhs.netBACKGROUND: There is evidence that reducingblood glucose concentrations, inducingweight loss, and improving the lipid profile reducescardiovascular risk in people with type 2diabetes.OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of variousdiets on glycemic control, lipids, and weight loss.DESIGN: We conducted searches of PubMed,Embase, and Google Scholar to August 2011. Weincluded randomized controlled trials (RCTs)with interventions that lasted ≥6 mo that comparedlow-carbohydrate, vegetarian, vegan, lowglycemicindex (GI), high-fiber, Mediterranean,and high-protein diets with control diets includinglow-fat, high-GI, American Diabetes Association,European Association for the Study of Diabetes,and low-protein diets.RESULTS: A total of 20 RCTs were included(n = 3073 included in final analyses across 3460randomly assigned individuals). The lowcarbohydrate,low-GI, Mediterranean, and highproteindiets all led to a greater improvement inglycemic control [glycated hemoglobin reductionsof -0.12% (P = 0.04), -0.14% (P = 0.008), -0.47% (P < 0.00001), and -0.28% (P < 0.00001),respectively] compared with their respective controldiets, with the largest effect size seen in theMediterranean diet. Low-carbohydrate and Mediterraneandiets led to greater weight loss [-0.69kg (P = 0.21) and -1.84 kg (P < 0.00001), respectively],with an increase in HDL seen in all dietsexcept the high-protein diet.CONCLUSION: Low-carbohydrate, low-GI,Mediterranean, and high-protein diets are effectivein improving various markers of cardiovascularrisk in people with diabetes and should beconsidered in the overall strategy of diabetesmanagement.http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/97/3/505.longFat Intake After Diagnosis and Risk of Lethal ProstateCancer and All-Cause Mortality. JAMA InternMed. 2013 Jun 10:1-8. By Richman EL, KenfieldSA, Chavarro JE, et al.Nearly 2.5 million men currently live withprostate cancer in the United States, yet little isknown about the association between diet afterdiagnosis and prostate cancer progression andoverall mortality.OBJECTIVE To examine postdiagnosticfat intake in relation to lethal prostate cancerand all-cause mortality.DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospectivestudy of 4577 men with nonmetastatic prostateJune-July 2013 Yang-Sheng (Nurturing Life) 13