The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

114 THE VERB.—SUM. § 54The Future Infinitive is also a compound tense, made upof the former supine and Iri, the present infinitive passive ofeo ; as, amatum Iri, monitum Iri, &c.6. The Perfect Participle is formed from the former supine,by changing um into us; as, amdt-um, amdt-us; monit-um,mo nit-us, &c.The Future Participle is formed as the active gerund (185-17),oy putting dies instead of climi; as, gerund, amandum, participle,amandus ;gerund, monendum, participle, monendus, &c.187.—§ 54. THE IRREGULAR VERB SUM *The irregular verb sum is sometimes called a substantiveverb, as it denotes being, or simple existence ; as, su?n, " Iam," " I exist." Sometimes it is called auxiliary, because itis used as an auxiliary verb in the inflection of the passivevoice. It is conjugated thus :Pres. Ind.Sum,Pres. Inf.esse,INDICATIVE MOOD.Perf Ind.fui."sing.Plur.1.2.3.1.2,3.Ego Sum,fTu Es,File Est,Nos SiimusVos Estis,Illi Sunt,Present Tense, am.tI am,Thou\ art, or you are,He is;We are,Ye, or you are,They are.* This verb being irregular, properly belongs to § 83, but is inserted here,because, as an auxiliary, it is much used in the inflection of regular verbs.t In the Indicative, Subjunctive, and Imperative moods, eoery part of theverb must have its nominative expressed or understood. See 181-8. Thenominatives ego, tu, Me, of the singular, and nos, vos, illi, of the plural, arehere prefixed in the present tense, to show their place and their use ; but inthe following tenses, and in the following conjugations, they are omitted.Still they are to be regarded as understood, and may be supplied at pleasure.See 118, NbU2. In the plural, " you " is much more common than " ye,"Xwhich is now seldom used.